644 



SOUTH CAROLINA INTERSTATE AND WEST INDIAN EXPOSITION. 



riched by beautiful columns and cloisters about 30 

 feet in height, supporting wide overhanging roofs 

 covered with Spanish tile. A wide piazza at the 

 back overhung Lake Juanita, and was shaded by 

 the large live-oaks. Its cost was $15,000. The 

 Illinois Building was in the colonial style, with a 

 wide and many-columned piazza and moss-green 

 shingled roof. It was in the western part of the 

 grounds, and cost $25,000. Among the city build- 

 ings was that erected by Philadelphia, with a 

 square Independence Hall tower, round dome, and 

 rostral columns, in which was preserved the Lib- 

 erty Bell, lent to Charleston during the exposi- 

 tion. Cincinnati had a modest building of one 

 story, with a two-story tower, which was sur- 

 rounded on three sides by an arcaded veranda 

 and covered by a roof of deep-red tile. It con- 

 tained numerous attractive exhibits, lent by the 

 manufacturers of Cincinnati. Among the minor 

 larger buildings were the buildings devoted to the 

 interests of Cuba, Porto Rico, and Guatemala. 



Statuary. The buildings and grounds of the 

 Charleston Exposition were generously adorned 

 with mural decorations and statuary. The 

 former were in the form of panels, among which 

 were those that decorated the interior of the Au- 

 ditorium, and were also in the form of gargoyles, 

 such as the striking heads seen above the doors 

 of the Cotton Palace and the Palaces of Commerce 

 and Agriculture. The statuary was placed at 

 conspicuous sites in the grounds, and included six 

 original groups, as follow: The Aztec, by Louis 

 A. Gudebrod ; The Indian, by Carl Tefft ; The Ne- 

 gro, by Charles A. Lopez; The Colonial, by Oscar 

 Lenz; and The Huguenot, by Miss Elsie Ward, 

 which were in the Court of Palaces; and Mother 

 and Child, also by Miss Elsie Ward, which stood 

 before the Woman's Building. A low balustrade of 

 shells and dolphins around the Sunken Garden, as 

 well as the baby mermaid and dolphins, and the 

 admirable New South just beyond the band- 

 stand on the plaza, were also original groups. 

 Besides these, there were numerous reproductions 

 from the antique and from modern studies. 

 Among them was a reproduction of Macmonnies's 

 Pan, which formed the fountain above the Sunken 

 Garden, and French's Washington on Horseback 

 (which was at the Paris Exposition), which stood 

 on the great plaza in front of the Auditorium. In 

 a little grove near the Woman's Building was the 

 Betrothal, by Amendolz, and on the Art Build- 

 ing the four groups War, Peace, The Army, and 

 The Navy, from the Dewey Arch in New York. 



Amusement Features. These were in the 

 southeastern portion of the grounds, which were 

 designated by the now conventional title of 

 Midway, and included an Eskimo Village, Fair 

 Japan, and Streets of Cairo, as ethnological fea- 

 tures. The Cuban- American Theater, Cyclorama 

 of Manassas, Wild West and Mexican Bull-Fight, 

 and Wild-Animal Arena, which were theatrical, 

 while the Moorish Palace and Crystal Palace, 

 Night and Morning, and Palace of Light, were 

 spectacular. In addition to these were the Old 

 Mill, Temple of Fortune, Beautiful Jim Key, and 

 the Ostrich Farm. 



Opening Exercises. Owing to the fact that 

 Dee. 1 fell on Sunday, it was deemed advisable to 

 postpone the opening of the exposition until Dec. 

 2, although on Dec. 1 exercises appropriate to the 

 day were held, beginning with an invocation by 

 Bishop Capers, of South Carolina, and followed 

 by the singing of a dedication ode by George H. 

 Sass, of Charleston, set to music by Theodore Saul, 

 and accompanied by the First Artillery Band. 

 Then came addresses by various clergymen, and 

 the benediction was pronounced by Mgr. Quig- 



ley. The formal opening began with an imposing 

 parade of military and civic bodies, which escort- 

 ed the guests to the exposition grounds, after 

 reviewing which the guests assembled in the Au- 

 ditorium, where the ceremonies began, consisting 

 of an invocation by Rev. Charles S. Vedder and 

 addresses of welcome by F. W. Wagener, president 

 of the Exposition Company, and M. B. McSwee- 

 ney, Governor of the State. The orator of the oc- 

 casion was Chauncey M. Depew, who was intro- 

 duced by Mayor J. A. Smith, and, after reviewing 

 the condition of the Southern States in 1866, said 

 that in improving it the unconquerable and in- 

 vincible grit and pluck of the American were 

 never more splendidly illustrated, after which he 

 discussed the present conditions in the South, and 

 said that capital and enterprise are rapidly con- 

 verting the vast pine forests of the South into 

 settlements of thrift, productiveness, and happi- 

 ness. At the conclusion of the oration, President 

 Wagener, by means of a wire connected with the 

 White House in Washington, sent cordial greet- 

 ings to the President of the United States, and 

 informed him that the building of the exposition 

 at Charleston had been completed. President 

 Roosevelt responded with " hearty congratulations 

 upon what had been achieved, and my earnest 

 wishes for the complete success of your under- 

 taking. I hope it may prove of great and lasting 

 benefit to our industries and to our commerce with 

 the West Indies." The exposition was then for- 

 mally declared to be open by the presiding offi- 

 cer. 



Exhibits. The exhibits were classified under 

 22 divisions, as follow: Agriculture. 1. Agricultu- 

 ral and dairy products ; 2. Agricultural implements 

 and machinery; 3. Live stock; 4. Foods and their 

 accessories; 5. Horticulture (pomology, floricul- 

 ture, viticulture). Forestry, Fisheries, and Mi in*. 

 6. Forestry and forest products; 7. Fish and fish- 

 eries; 8. Mines and metallurgy. Machini'rii uml 

 Electricity. 9. Machinery; 10. .Electricity and 

 electrical appliances. Transportation Exhibits, 

 Good Roads, and Ordnance. 11. Transportation 

 exhibits and good roads exhibit (railways, ves- 

 sels, vehicles, good roads exhibit, road-making ma- 

 chinery) ; 12. Ordnance and munitions of war. 

 Manufactures and Graphic Arts. 13. Manufac- 

 tures; 14. Graphic arts (topography, lithography, 

 steel and copperplate printing, photo-mechann-al 

 processes, drawing, engraving, bookbinding). Lib- 

 eral Arts, Ethnology, and Archeology. 15. Liberal 

 arts and education (education, engineering, public 

 works, sanitation, constructive architecture, so- 

 cial economy, music and the drama) ; 16. Ethnol 

 ogy and archeology. Collective E-rhibits. 1~ 

 State collective exhibits; 18. County collective 

 hibits; 19. City collective exhibits; 20. Cuba 

 Porto Rico, and other islands of the West Indi 

 21. Philippines and Hawaii; 22. Foreign exhibi 

 These divisions were again subdivided into 

 groups, of which there were 135, and the groups 

 into classes, of which there were 576. A .lury <>l 

 Awards was called to the exposition on April 7 

 1<> examine the exhibits, and they made awards 

 of diplomas of the grades of gold medal, silver 

 medal, broji/e medal, and honorable mention. 

 Selim H. Peabody was chairman of a \vanK 



Closing Exercises. These occurred on Satin- 

 day. May 31, which was appropriately designated 

 as Charleston Day. Business was suspended dur- 

 ing the afternoon, and a program was arranged. 

 consisting of a tournament, which was held <>n 

 the race-track, and prizes were given for the best 

 exhibitions of horsemanship. Later in the after- 

 noon exerci>es were held in the Auditorium under 

 the direction of Theodore Melchers, chairman of 



