646 



SPAIN. 



9,651,503,304 pesetas, requiring 399,005,177 pese- 

 tas for the payment of the annual interest. The 

 state debt consisted of 1,029,29(5,700 pesetas of 

 external and 7,594,251,135 pesetas of internal debt, 

 on which the interest charges were 41,201,685 pe- 

 setas and 321,535,806 pesetas respectively; a treas- 

 ury debt of 1,027,955,469 pesetas, on which the in- 

 terest is 25,276,786 pesetas; and various obliga- 

 tions of the treasury of amount not stated bear- 

 ing 10,990,900 pesetas interest. Included in the 

 state debt are debts of the colonies devolved upon 

 Spain, amounting to 1,175,258,000 pesetas. 



The Army. -The military forces consist of a 

 permanent army, an active reserve, and a seden- 

 tary reserve. Any Spaniard at the age of twenty 

 may be drawn to serve three years in the perma- 

 nent army unless he buys exemption by the pay- 

 ment of 1,500 pesetas. The army is organized in 

 8 corps, of which 2 have 3 divisions, 3 have 2 di- 

 visions, and 3 have 1 division. There are, more- 

 over, 3 divisions of infantry in the Balearic Is- 

 lands, the Canary Islands, and Ceuta, and 1 bri- 

 gade at Melilla. The peace strength of the regular 

 army in 1900 was 50,273 infantry, 13,498 cavalry, 

 13,571 artillery, 4,536 engineers, 4,879 administra- 

 tive troops, 436 royal guards, 15,261 civil guards, 

 and 15,320 carbineers; total, 117,774 men. The 

 \var strength was 132,000 infantry, 17,156 cavalry, 

 12,166 artillery, 11,027 engineers, and 11,623 ad- 

 ministrative troops, etc. ; total, 183,972 men. The 

 annual contingent of recruits is about 80,000. The 

 number of depot battalions is being increased, and 

 each reserve battalion is located in a particular 

 district, where active troops and reserves are as- 

 sociated in regimental organization. By this 

 method it is expected that the total fighting 

 strength of the nation can be raised to 1,083,595 

 men. The troops are armed with Mausers of the 

 model of 1893, having a caliber of 7 millimeters. 

 There are 16,600 horses and 272 guns. 



The Navy. -The Spanish navy after the Amer- 

 ican war had only a single battle-ship left, the 

 Pelayo, of 9,900 tons, with a speed of 16 knots, 

 having 18 inches of armor at the water-line and 19 

 inches on the barbette turrets, in which are 4 9.4- 

 inch Canet guns, and besides these there are 9 5.5- 

 inch quick-firers and smaller guns. The first- 

 class cruisers Catalufia, Cardenal Cisneros, and 

 Princesa de Asturias, of 7,000 tons and 13,000 

 horse-power, giving a 20-knot speed, though begun 

 before the war are not yet ready for sea. The 

 Emperador Carlos V, of 9,235 tons, can make 20 

 knots with engines of 15,000 horse-power and car- 

 ries a strong armament, consisting of 2 11-inch 

 guns and 10 5.5-inch, 4 4.7-inch, and 2 3-inch 

 quick-firers. 



Commerce and Production. The yield of ce- 

 reals in 1900 was 2,740,700 metric tons of wheat 

 on 3,568,700 hectares, 1,234,800 tons of barley on 

 1,389,000 hectares, 553,200 tons of rye on 731,000 

 hectares, 238,500 tons of oats on 379,200 hectares, 

 and 660,800 tons of corn on 475,800 hectares. Of 

 rice 195,600 tons were grown on 33,750 hectares. 

 Vineyards covering 1,997,046 hectares yielded 28,- 

 089,000 hectoliters of wine in 1898 and 1,092,238 

 hectares of olive-groves produced 2,829,111 hecto- 

 liters of fruit. Oranges and hazelnuts are export- 

 ed, as well as various preparations of fruits. 

 Minor crops are esparto, flax, hemp, and beans. 

 There were 2,046 mines in operation in 1900, pro- 

 ducing 8,675,749 tons of iron ore, 2,514,545 tons of 

 bituminous coal, 68,427 tons of anthracite, 91,- 

 133 tons of lignite, 2,747,714 tons of copper ore, 

 131,437 tons of lead ore, 182,016 tons of silver-lead 

 ore, 30,214 tons of quicksilver ore, 86,158 tons of 

 zinc ore, 112,897 tons of manganese ore, 742 tons 

 of silver ore, 64,364 tons of sulfur ore, and 450,- 



041 tons of salt, the whole valued at 189,137,559 

 pesetas. The metallic and other products of re- 

 duction were valued at 216,446,780 pesetas, in- 

 cluding 91,126 tons of pig-iron, 54,307 tons of 

 wrought iron, 144,355 tons of steel, 29,652 tons of 

 copper, 98,189 tons of lead, 74,341 tons of silver 

 lead, 1,095 tons of quicksilver, 2,855 tons of block 

 zinc, 2,756 tons of roiled zinc, and 99,901 kilograms 

 of silver. 



The total value of imports in 1899 was 954,156,- 

 701 pesetas, and of exports 768,207,934 pesetas. 

 The values of the imports from and exports to dif- 

 ferent countries in 1899 are given, in pesetas, in 

 the following table : 



The cotton-mills had 2,614,500 spindles, the 

 woolen-mills 662,000 spindles. The production of 

 raw silk in 1901 was 700,000 kilograms. The out- 

 put of sugar was 49,027 tons from beets and 29,054 

 tons from cane in 1900 and in 1901 a total pro- 

 duction of 115,000 tons was estimated. The pro- 

 duction of the sardine canneries is valued at 15,- 

 000,000 pesetas a year. 



The value of imports, including specie, in 1900 

 was 862,396,600 pesetas; of exports, 723,867,883 pe- 

 setas. 



Dependencies. The colonial possessions of 

 Spain since the relinquishmerit of sovereignty over 

 Cuba, the cession of Porto Rico, the Philippine Is- 

 lands, and Guam to the United States, and the 

 transfer of the other Ladrones and the Caroline 

 and Pelew Islands to Germany, are reduced to the 

 island of Fernando Po and its dependencies, the 

 Rio Muni territory, and the desert coast region 

 of Rio de Oro, south of Morocco. Fernando Po, 

 with Annabon, Corisco, Elobey, and San Juan, 

 has an area of 850 square miles and about 30,000 

 inhabitants. The Rio Muni territory is about 

 9,900 miles in extent. The Rio de Oro territory, 

 with the portion of Aclrar conceded to Spain in 

 the convention concluded with France on March 

 29, 1901, has an area of about 100,000 square miles. 

 The convention defines the southern boundary of 

 Spanish territory in this region as running 

 through the middle of the promontory of Cape 

 Blanco to 21 20' of north latitude, then due east 

 to 14 west of Greenwich, then northwest and aft- 

 erward northeast to where the meridian 13 wi-t 

 of Greenwich crosses the tropic of Cancer, from 

 which point it runs due north. This delimitation 

 secures for France the salt deposits of Idjil and 

 the districts of Adrar and Temur. The Rio Muni 

 territory extends from Muni to the Campo river 

 and the frontier of Kamerun and inland to 10 

 20' east of Greenwich. The Franco-Spanish con- 

 vention gives the right of preemption to France in 

 case Spain ever desires to sell or part with any of 

 its possessions on the African mainland or any of 

 the islands adjacent to the coast. The total rev- 

 enue of the colonies for 1902 was estimated at 

 137,417 pesetas, necessitating a grant of 2,000,000 



