660 



SWEDEN AND NORWAY. 



and moral instruction could best be promoted 

 by a national organization devoted exclusively to 

 the purpose, the convention was called to assem- 

 ble in Chicago, under the auspices of the Council 

 of Seventy, in February or March, 1903, for the 

 creation of such a national organization; the 

 convention to consist of members and associate 

 members of the Council of Seventy; invited 

 teachers, ministers, and editors; and invited pas- 

 tors of churches and superintendents of Sunday- 

 schools. 



According to the ninety-eighth Annual report of 

 the British Sunday-School Union, 7,043 schools, 

 with 158,104 teachers and 1,500,242 pupils, were 

 affiliated with the union at home; 1,139 schools, 

 with 20,280 teachers and 210,010 pupils, in the 

 Scottish National Sunday-School Union; 802 

 schools, with 9,000 teachers and 96,951 pupils, 

 in 7 colonial unions; and 6,846 schools, with 

 10,573 teachers and 273,794 pupils, in the India 

 Sunday-School Union; making, together with the 

 numbers returned by the Buenos Ayres Sunday- 

 School Association, a total of 15,842 schools, 198,- 

 648 teachers, and 2,082,008 pupils. The General 

 Benevolent fund had received 4,003, including 

 1,602 from trade profits; 1,964 had been re- 

 ceived for continental and Indian work, and 

 1,964 for three children's homes and the Teach- 

 ers' Home of Rest. The enterprises of the union 

 had been greatly expanded, and it was seeking to 

 extend Sunday work abroad as well as at home. 



SWEDEN AND NORWAY, two kingdoms 

 in northern Europe, united under the same sov- 

 ereign since Nov. 4, 1814, but independent of each 

 other in Constitution, government, and laws. Af- 

 fairs common to both kingdoms are decided by a 

 Council of State composed of Swedes and Nor- 

 wegians. The throne in each monarchy passes in 

 the order- of primogeniture and in the male line 

 to the descendants of Marshal Bernadotte, Prince 

 of Ponte Corvo, who was elected by the Swedish 

 Diet in 1810 to be the heir and successor of Carl 

 XIII, the last sovereign of the house of Holstein- 

 Gottorp. The reigning King is Oscar II, born 

 Jan. 21, 1829, grandson of Carl XIV, the founder 

 of the dynasty, who succeeded his brother Carl 

 XV on Sept. 18, 1872. The heir apparent is Prince 

 Gustaf, Duke of Vermland, eldest son of the King, 

 born June 16, 1858. 



Sweden. The Diet of Sweden, called the Riks- 

 dag, consists of a First Chamber, of 150 members, 

 elected for nine years by provincial and munici- 

 pal assemblies, and a Second Chamber, of 230 

 members, elected for three years, 80 of them in 

 towns by direct suffrage and 150 in rural districts 

 either directly or indirectly as the majority de- 

 cide, by natives of Sweden who own land assessed 

 at a value of 1,000 kronor or have for five years 

 farmed land assessed at 6,000 kronor or upward 

 or pay income tax on 800 kronor. The qualified 

 electors in 1899 were 6.7 per cent, of the popula- 

 tion, and only 40.3 per cent, of them voted. The 

 Swedish Council of State in the beginning of 1902 

 was composed of the following members: Minis- 

 ter of State, Baron Fredrik Wilhelm von Otter, 

 appointed Sept. 12, 1900; Minister of Foreign Af- 

 fairs, Carl Herman Theodpr Alfred Lagerheiin, 

 appointed Oct. 13, 1899; Minister of Justice, Per 

 Samuel Ludvig Annerstedt, appointed Feb. 5, 

 1896; Minister of War, Jesper Ingewald Cruse- 

 bjb'rn, appointed Oct. 27, 1899; Minister of Marine, 

 Adolf Arnold Louis Palander, appointed May 31, 

 1901 ; Minister of the Interior, Julius Edvard von 

 Krusenstjerna, appointed Oct. 6, 1896; Minister of 

 Finance, Count Hans Hansson Wachtmeister, ap- 

 pointed July 16, 1897 ; Minister of Education and 

 Ecclesiastical Affairs, Nils Ludvig Alfred Claeson, 



appointed June 22, 1898; Minister of Agriculture, 

 Albrecht Theodor Odelberg, appointed March 31, 

 1900; Councilors of State, Dr. K. S. Husberg, ap- 

 pointed July 12, 1900, and Dr. Knut Hjalmar 

 Hammarskjold, appointed Sept. 25, 1901. 



Area and Population. The census taken on 

 Dec. 31, 1900, shows a total population of 5,136,- 

 441, composed of 2,506,436 males and 2,630,005 

 females. The area and population of the lands, 

 or provinces, into which the kingdom is divided 

 are given in the following table: 



The population of the towns having municipal 

 government and not represented in the Lands- 

 thing was in 1900 as follows: Stockholm, 300,- 

 624; Goteborg, 130,619; Malmo, 60,857; Norr- 

 koping, 41,008; Gefle, 29,522. 



The Army. The reorganization of the army 

 approved by the Diet in 1901 will be completed in 

 1913. The indelta, or cantoned troops, will dis- 

 appear. Every Swede, according to the new law, 

 owes military service from the age of twenty-one 

 for eight years in the first and four years in the 

 second ban of the Bevaring, and afterward for 

 eight years in the Landsturm. The period of serv- 

 ice with the colors will be increased from ninety 

 days to one hundred and seventy-two days from 

 1902 till 1908, and thereafter to two hundred and 

 forty days for infantry, siege- and fortress-artil- 

 lery, and train, divided into a first period of ono 

 hundred and fifty days and 3 recalls for thirty 

 days, and for the other arms a first period o): 

 two hundred and eighty-one days and 2 recalls 

 for forty-two days, a total of three hundred and 

 sixty-five days. The marine troops, including tin: 

 coast-artillery, serve three hundred days in all. 



The effective of the Swedish army in 1901 com- 

 prised 48 general and staff officers and 233 em- 

 ployees, 27,633 officers and men forming 56 bat- 

 talions of infantry, 6,269 forming 50 squadron* 

 of cavalry, 3,509 in the field-artillery, 638 in the 

 fortress-artillery, 172 in the Gotland artillery 

 force, 991 forming 9 companies of engineers, and 

 772 forming 8 companies of train; total, 39,26,% 

 comprising 1,954 officers, 691 employees, 1,791 

 non-commissioned officers, 1,657 musicians, and 

 33,169 men, with 6,801 horses. There were 68J 

 officers, 80 employees, 450 non-commissioned offi- 

 cers, and 75 musicians, making a total of 1,288, 

 on leave. The strength of the Bevaring was about 

 250.000, giving a war effective of 290,553 of all 

 ranks, besides 200,000 men in the 8 classes of the 

 Landsturm. The infantry are armed with Mausers 



