UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. (AREA AND POPULATION.) 



669 



make treaties, subject to the ratifying vote of two- 

 thirds of the Senate, has power to veto acts of 

 Congress, which can be passed over the veto by 

 a two-third majority in each House, commissions 

 the officers of the army and navy, and appoints 

 the civil officials of the Government, subject to 

 confirmation by the Senate. The Vice-President 

 is ex officio President of the Senate, and in case of 

 the death, resignation, or removal of the President 

 he succeeds to the powers of the latter during the 

 remainder of the term. The President and Vice- 

 President are elected for four years by colleges of 

 electors chosen in each State in such manner as 

 the Legislature prescribes, which is in every State 

 by popular suffrage, their number in each State 

 being equal to the number of Senators and Rep- 

 resentatives of the State in Congress. It has be- 

 come the custom of political parties to nominate 

 in national convention their candidates for Presi- 

 dent and Vice-President, and the electors, chosen 

 in each State on a collective ticket, are accus- 

 tomed to vote solidly for the candidates desig- 

 nated by their party beforehand. Thus the elec- 

 tion of the President and Vice-President is effected 

 in reality, though not in form, by the direct vote 

 of the nation. The presidential term is four years. 

 Powers not delegated by the Constitution to the 

 Federal Government are reserved to the States. 

 Congress has power to legislate in matters of and 

 pertaining to Federal taxation, treaties, and other 

 dealings with foreign powers, the army, the navy, 

 to a certain extent the militia, foreign and inter- 

 state commerce, the postal service, coinage, weights 

 and measures, and crimes against the United 

 States. Every State has an elected Governor at 

 the head of the executive and a Legislature com- 

 posed of two Houses, both elective. The revenues 

 of the State governments are derived from direct 

 taxes on real property or on both real and per- 

 sonal property, while Congress is forbidden in the 

 Constitution to levy direct taxes save in propor- 

 tion to population. Personal and property rights, 

 the civil and criminal law, education, the public 

 health, charities, the control of corporations, are 

 matters of State legislation. 



The President of the United States for the term 

 ending March 4, 1905, is Theodore Roosevelt, of 

 New York, born in 1858, who was elected Vice- 

 President in 1900 and succeeded to the presidency 

 on the death of President William McKinley, 

 Sept. 14, 1901. The Cabinet at the beginning of 

 1902 was composed as follows: Secretary of State, 

 John Hay, of Indiana, appointed in 1898; Secre- 

 tary of the Treasury, Lyman Judson Gage, of Illi- 

 nois, first appointed on March 5, 1897; Secretary 

 of War, Elihu Root, of New York, appointed on 

 July 21, 1899; Secretary of the Navy, John Da- 

 vis Xong, of Massachusetts, first appointed on 

 March 5, 1897; Secretary of the Interior, Ethan 

 Allen Hitchcock, of Missouri, appointed in Jan- 

 uary, 1899; Postmaster-General, Charles Emory 

 Smith, of Pennsylvania, appointed on Dec. 18, 

 1901; Attorney-General, Philander Chase Knox, 

 of Pennsylvania, appointed on April 5, 1901 ; Sec- 

 retary of Agriculture, James Wilson, of Iowa, 

 first appointed on March 5, 1897. 



On Jan. 9, 1902, Gov. Shaw of Iowa was ap- 

 pointed Secretary of the Treasury on the resigna- 

 tion of Secretary Gage. Leslie Mortimer Shaw 

 was born in Morristown, Vt., Nov. 2, 1848, went 

 to Iowa with his parents when a child, entered 

 Cornell College in that State at the age of twenty- 

 three, earned his living while studying, read law, 

 practised in Denison, became president of the 

 banks of Denison and Marietta, was drawn into 



olitics by the currency issue in 1896, in the fol- 



jwing year was elected Governor, was nominated 



by acclamation and reelected, and was serving his 

 second term when called into the Cabinet. 



On Jan. 9, 1902, Henry C. Payne, of Wisconsin, 

 was appointed Postmaster-General. He was born 

 in Ashfield, Mass., Nov. 23, 1843, was educated at 

 Shelburne Falls Academy, went to Milwaukee 

 in 1863, was cashier in a dry -goods store at first, 

 became active in the commercial development of 

 electricity and in syndicating electric railroads 

 and telephones, and was also an energetic political 

 leader and manager in his State, served as post- 

 master of Milwaukee for ten years, and was a 

 delegate to the National Republican Conventions 

 in 1888 and 1892. 



On April 29, 1902, William H. Moody, of Massa- 

 chusetts, succeeded Mr. Long as Secretary of the 

 Navy. He was born in Newbury, Mass., Dec. 23, 

 1853, graduated at Phillips Academy, Andover, 

 in 1872, and at Harvard in 1876, studied and prac- 

 tised law, was district attorney for the Eastern 

 District of Massachusetts from 1890 to 1895, was 

 first elected member of Congress for the Sixth Dis- 

 trict of Massachusetts in 1895, and was a mem- 

 ber of the House when he received his appoint- 

 ment. 



Area and Population. The land area of the 

 States and Territories is 2,939,000 square miles, 

 exclusive of the Indian Territory, which has 31,- 

 000 square miles, and Alaska, which has 531,000 

 square miles, and the Territory of Hawaii, which 

 has an area of 6,640 square miles, making the 

 total area 3,507,640 square miles, which does not 

 include Territories belonging to but not a part of 

 the United States the insular possessions, Porto 

 Rico, with an area of 3,600 square miles ; the Phil- 

 ippine and Sulu. Islands, having an area of 114,- 

 000 square miles; Guam, having an area of 200 

 square miles; and Tutuila and Manua, in the Sa- 

 moan group, which, with smaller islands, have an 

 area of 79 square miles; bringing the total area 

 under the American flag up to 3,625,519 square 

 miles. The States and Territories, according to 

 the census of 1900, have a population of 75,602,515, 

 exclusive of 392,060 in the Indian Territory, 63,- 

 592 in Alaska, 154,001 in Hawaii, and 91,219 sol- 

 diers, etc., abroad, increasing the total to 76,- 

 303,387, which the population of the insular pos- 

 sessions not incorporated in the United States in- 

 creases further to 85,271,730. The population of 

 the North Atlantic division, comprising Maine, 

 New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode 

 Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, and 

 Pennsylvania, total area 162,065 square miles, had 

 in 1900 a population of 21,046,695, compared with 

 17,406,969 in 1890; Delaware, Maryland, the Dis- 

 trict of Columbia, Virginia, West Virginia, North 

 Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida,, 

 forming the South Atlantic division of States, area 

 268,620 square miles, had 10,443,480, compared 

 with 8,857,922; Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, 

 Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, North Da- 

 kota, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas, 

 grouped as the North Central division, area 753,550 

 square miles, had 26,333,004 inhabitants in 1900, 

 against 22,410,417 in 1890; the South Central divi- 

 sion, comprising Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, 

 Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Oklahoma, and Ar- 

 kansas, area 579,215 square miles, had 13,687,987, 

 against 10,989,959 at the former census ; and Mon- 

 tana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, 

 Utah, Nevada, Idaho, Washington, Oregon, and 

 California, constituting the Western division, area 

 1,175,550 square miles, had 4,091,349 in 1900, com- 

 pared with 3,102,269 in 1890. 



The number of cities of 25,000 or more inhab- 

 itants in 1900 was 159, having increased from 

 124 since 1890, and the number of people living in 



