702 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. (COLOEADO.) 



lead as producers, but the greatest recent growth 

 is now in Santa Clara, Fresno, Stanislaus, San 

 Joaquin, Kings, Merced, and other of the int. )ior 

 counties. Santa Clara County leads in the pro- 

 duction of cheese, the best in the State being pro- 

 duced in the southern part of the county. As in 

 all other States, the business of butter-making 

 is being transferred to creameries. In 1897 Cali- 

 fornia produced 10,866,646 pounds of butter by 

 creamery process and 13,280,549 by dairy meth- 

 ods. In 1902 21,593,021 pounds of creamery but- 

 ter were produced, while the dairy-product was 

 only 9,935,741 pounds. The dairy-product of the 

 year 1902 was valued at $18,323,556, classified as 

 follows: Value of 31,528,762 pounds of butter, 

 $7,541,792; value of 6.503,441 pounds of cheese, 

 $702,371 ; value of 146,680 cases of condensed milk 

 and cream, $564,758; value of milk and cream 

 consumed, $6,236,555; value of calves from dairy 

 cows, $1,568,040; value of hogs produced on dai- 

 ries and creameries, $1,710,040. A dairy-school 

 is connected with the State University at Berke- 

 ley, where instruction is given in modern and 

 scientific methods. 



Manufactures. The natural resources of Cal- 

 ifornia are numerous and extensive, but the high 

 cost of fuel has always been a barrier to the 

 development of manufactures. The rapid in- 

 crease in the production of crude oil and the in- 

 stallation of electric-power plants have so cheap- 

 ened the generation of power that in the past two 

 years the increased output of manufactured com- 

 modities has been enormous. Two years ago the 

 annual output for the State was $302,874,761, as 

 shown by the census. Statistics based on advices 

 from various parts of the State show that the pro- 

 duction of 1902 was more than $400,000,000, San 

 Francisco's share being $150,000,000. The output 

 of Los Angeles is about $30,000,000 a year; Oak- 

 land, $11,000,000; San Jose", $8,000,000; Sacra- 

 mento, $11,000,000; and Stockton, $6,000,000. 

 There are a dozen smaller cities which produce 

 about $1,000,000 worth of commodities each year. 

 San Francisco's factories embrace almost every 

 line of mechanical endeavor, and the bringing of 

 electric power, generated by the rushing streams 

 of the Sierra Nevada mountains, enabled more 

 small factories to begin operations in 1902 than 

 ever in the city's history. 



Electric Power. With the single exception of 

 New York, where electric power generated at 

 Niagara Falls is transmitted to many towns, no 

 State in the Union possesses such extensive elec- 

 tric plants and transmission facilities as Califor- 

 nia. The principal electric-power plants now in 

 operation in the State are the Bay Counties Power 

 Company, which has absorbed several smaller 

 plants in the north central counties, producing in 

 the aggregate 30,000 horse-power; the Standard 

 Electric, producing 13,333 horse-power; the San 

 Joaquin Electric, producing 2,500 horse-power; 

 the Truckee River Company, producing 2,800 

 horse-power; the Power Development Company, of 

 Bakersfield, producing 2,500 horse- power; the 

 Mount Whitney Company, producing 1,500 horse- 

 power; and the Butte County Electric Company, 

 producing 1,500 horse-power. 



The long-distance record at present for any con- 

 tinuous length of time was made in September, 

 1902, when the Standard Company's lines from 

 Oakland to Stockton, via Mission San Jose", were 

 harnessed to the bay counties' lines, making thus 

 a continuous line covering 225 miles. In October, 

 1902, San Jose 1 and Redwood City were also con- 

 nected, and the total distance was made 240 miles. 

 This is the world's record for distance. Electrical 

 engineers who have carefully investigated the wa- 



tershed of the Sierra Nevada mountains estimate 

 that on the western slope alone at least 1,000,000 

 horse-power is available within reach of San 

 Francisco Bay, and this estimate is based on a. 

 transmission distance of only 200 miles. 



Seven amendments to the Constitution of the 

 State were adopted by vote, Nov. 4, 1902. These 

 amendments, in brief, are described as follow: 



1. To permit the Legislature to levy a special tax 

 for the support of high schools and technical 

 schools. 



2. To permit the Legislature to divide the State 

 into game districts and make different laws for 

 each district. 



3. To exempt from taxation all bonds issued by 

 the State of California or by any city and county,, 

 municipality, school district, reclamation or irri- 

 gation district. 



4. To permit cities to adopt their charters by 

 a majority of the votes cast thereon at any 

 election, to reduce the number of votes necessary 

 to amend a charter from three-fifths of the elect- 

 ors to a majority voting thereon at any election,, 

 and to permit voters, by a petition of 15 per cent, 

 of their number, to propose amendments to city 

 charters. 



5. Making eight hours a day's work on public 

 work, whether done under public employment or 

 by contract. 



6. To permit the use of voting-machines in locali- 

 ties designated by the Legislature and the local 

 authorities. 



7. To permit the Legislature to appropriate 

 money for the construction of State highways. 



COLORADO, a Western State, admitted'to the 

 Union, Aug. 1, 1876; area, 103,969 square miles. 

 The population was 194,327 in 1880; 412,198 in 

 1890; and 539,700 in 1900. Capital, Denver. 



Government. The following were the State 

 officers in 1902: Governor, James B. Orman,. 

 Democrat; Lieutenant-Governor, David C. Coates^ 

 Populist; Secretary of State, David A. Mills,. 

 Populist; Treasurer, J. N. Chipley, Silver Repub- 

 lican; Auditor, Charles W. Crouter, Democrat; 

 Adjutant-General, G. F. Gardner, Populist; At- 

 torney-General, Charles C. Post, Democrat; Su- 

 perintendent of Public Instruction, Helen L. 

 Grenfell, Democrat; Chief Justice of the Supreme 

 Court, John Campbell, Republican; Associate Jus- 

 tices, Robert W. Steele and William H. Gabbert;. 

 Clerk, H. G. Clark. 



The State officers are elected in even-numbered.' 

 years, the term beginning in January of odd- 

 numbered years. The Legislature holds biennial 

 sessions, beginning in January of odd-numbered, 

 years, limited to ninety days. 



Agriculture. Colorado is rapidly developing 

 its agriculture and stock resources. The total 

 value of farm property in 1900, as returned to- 

 the Census Bureau, was $161,000,000. The value 

 of farm machinery was $4.746,765, and of live 

 stock $49,954,311. For the year 1899, tty> last of 

 the decade, the value of the products from ranch 

 and range was $33,000,000, which exceeded the 

 products of the year 1889 by $20,000,000, and was 

 a gain of 151.6 per cent, in ten years. The per- 

 centage of income upon investment in Colorado 

 farms for 1899 was 16 per cent. 



Beet-Sugar Industry. In the great agricul- 

 tural contest held in the West in 1901 Colorado- 

 led in the beet-sugar industry, winning the first 

 prize in the contest against California and Utah. 

 The results make an impressive showing of Colo- 

 rado's capacity as a sugar State. No place in the 

 world has produced so large a yield of rich beets- 

 to the acre as was raised in Colorado. The 

 largest yield of beets reported was 78,624 pounds, 



