21 



bolt running through posts and hinges bolted to gates. Gates should have x 3 x 16 

 inch iron hasp bolted to gates and a suitable bolt staple, with iron pin and chain for 

 locking. 



Fence. Rails, or ribbons, of 2 x 6 inches, with 2x8 inch cap, spiked at each 

 bearing with two 40d. wire nails. Posts set 8 feet on centers, or nearer where dis- 

 tance may require. 



Lumber. All lumber should be No. 1 pine or fir dimension, free from shakes, 

 bark, large pitch pockets, unsound knots, or other imperfections that materially 

 impair its strength, durability, and use for which it is intended. 



FIG. 8. Plank showing beveled edge for calking. 



FIG. 9. Sill and upright, showing method of joining. 



Drainage. The vat should be fitted with a 2-inch waste pipe fitted hi the bottom 

 with gate valve and elbow, and 20 feet of pipe to run horizontally under ground, 

 with a fall of 2 feet in 16 feet, draining to a suitable point, from which the drainage 

 may be continued by an open ditch. 



Floor of pens. If the owner decides to floor the catch pen and holding pen, the 

 floor should be of 2-inch plank nailed to 4 x 4 inch joist or sleepers let into the 

 ground and leveled. 



HANDLING OF CATTLE IN PROCESS OF DIPPING. 



Though the tank may be sufficiently long to hold more than 4 head 

 of full-grown cattle at a time, it -will be found desirable not to put 

 more than that number in the tank at once, or a proportionate num- 

 ber of young cattle. If more than 4 full grown cattle are placed in 

 the dipping vat together, the pressure caused by the cattle in the rear, 



152 



