3U 



or crusts, kills the mange parasites, and facilitates the healing of the 

 abraded skin and its return to a normal condition. Cattle have like- 

 wise been dipped in Beaumont crude petroleum for the cure of mange 

 with very satisfactory results. 



Galvanized*steel dipping tanks are in use at a number of pJaces in 

 the different States. 



It is to be observed that petroleum from different wells in the Beau- 

 mont region varies considerably, some wells producing a thick, heavy 

 oil as low as 15 gravity Baume, other wells producing a light oil 

 22 to 23 gravity, and some even higher, a production recently show- 

 ing 29^. The Bureau experiments with the different oils have shown 

 that the thick, heavy oil of low gravity is apt to irritate the skins of 

 animals dipped in it, sometimes producing quite serious results, while 

 the light oil is more bland and not liable to injure the animals. It is 

 therefore important that only the light, higher-gravity oil should be 

 used for dipping purposes. In ordering, the kind of oil should be dis- 

 tinctly specified as Beaumont crude petroleum of 22-J- to 24i Baume, 

 containing 1^ to 1 per cent sulphur, and that 40 per cent will distil 

 over when the oil is heated to a temperature of 200 to 300 C. 



MANGE IN HOUSES. 



Many reports are being received as this bulletin goes to press of the 

 prevalence of mange among horses, especially those on the ranges. 

 In some outbreaks this may be Psoroptic mange; in others it may be 

 Sarcoptic mange, depending upon the origin of the infection, since the 

 two varieties have been reported as existing among horses in different 

 sections of the country. As already noted, the Sarcoptes, unlike the 

 Psoroptes, which live on the surface of the skin, burrow down and 

 form galleries in the middle layer of the skin retemucosum in which 

 they principally live, lay their eggs, and in which the young mites are 

 hatched; consequently, they may not be reached by the dip liquid used, 

 except it be of an oily, penetrating nature. Beaumont crude petro- 

 leum would seem to meet the indications in Sarcoptic mange, and 

 has been successfully used in the treatment of a number of horses 

 badly affected with this form of the disease by thoroughly mopping 

 them all over with the oil, using for this purpose a cloth or brush. 

 The dipping of horses in Beaumont crude petroleum has not been tried, 

 as no opportunity has as yet been presented. It has been observed, 

 however, that irritation of the skin has been produced in those that 

 have been hand treated, likewise in cases of cattle that have been 

 dipped, especially in the soft parts of the skin, of the flanks, and 

 inside of elbows. If horses are dipped, they should not be kept in the 

 oil longer than one minute, and the head and ears may be hand dressed 



152 



