MOVING PICTURES 



445 



improvements on the plan of Mr. Muybridge. He devised 

 a plan by which all the pictures were taken by one camera 

 by means of turning a handle. This was a great step for- 

 ward, because it reduced the expense and took all the pictures 

 from one viewpoint. This may be called the real fore- 

 runner of the modern moving picture camera. In 1886 

 he made a special exhibi- 

 tion of the results that he 

 had obtained. 



Developments in pho- 

 tography. Before any 

 marked progress could be 

 made in the development 

 of moving pictures, two 

 improvements in photog- 

 raphy were necessary. 

 These were, first, the sub- 

 stitution of films for glass 

 plates, and second, the 

 making of a more sensitive 

 surface for coating the 

 plate so that the pictures 

 could be taken with a 

 very short exposure. 



Celluloid film. The development of a sensitive film to 

 take the place of glass plates was made by Mr. Eastman of 

 New York State. Experiments were made with many sub- 

 stances in the attempt to find one that was transparent, that 

 could be made in thin sheets, and that was sufficiently 

 pliable and strong to be wound around a roller. After many 

 failures, Mr. Eastman made a celluloid film that met these 

 requirements. These sheets of celluloid are coated with 

 sensitive chemicals for making the negative. In 1889 the 

 first long strips of film suitable for moving-picture work 

 appeared. 



FIG. 176. Muybridge, sometimes called 

 the father of moving pictures. 



