Contents 



CHAPTER I 



Page 



An Outline of the History of Biology / 



Foundations Aristotle The Dormant Period Legendary Biology 

 The Scientific Renascence The Encyclopedists From Bujfon to Dar- 

 win: A. Morphological Analysis; B, Physiological Analysis After 

 Darwin Summary. 



CHAPTER II 

 Classification of Animals 12 



Meaning of Classification Early Classifications Physiological Classi- 

 fication Aristotle Ray and Linnaus Lamarck Cuvier Recogni- 

 tion of Embryological Basis Genealogical Trees Grades of Classifica- 

 tionConception of Species. 



CHAPTER III 

 Classification of Plants ------- ^0 



Ancient Classification Medieeval Mysticism The Herbalists Cesal- 

 pino Linnaus Development of the Natural System. 



CHAPTER IV 



The Study of Structure (Animal Morphology) - - - 27 



The Scope of Morphology Foundations laid by Aristotle Rise of Com- 

 parative Anatomy Cuvier and Correlation Cuvier s Contemporaries 

 Richard Owen Huxley HceckelGegenbaur Criteria of H ontology 

 Physiological Morphology. 



CHAPTER V 

 The Study of Structure (Vegetable Morphology) - - - jp 



Early Anticipations Metamorphosis in Flowering Plants Wolff- 

 Goethe Subsequent Development Foundations of exact Morphology 

 Comparative Embryology Alternation of Generations Study of Alga. ', 

 Fungi, and Lichens. 



Vii 



