trial progress. The cobbler's stall and the village smithy 

 require no office. The simpler arts x on with very little 

 science But not so the more complex and difficult. The 

 mills of Lawrence, the arsenal at Springfield, the Novelty Iron 

 Works, the <i"vernment Navy Yards, require profound theo- 

 retical training in the guiding head brain-power backed by 

 all the resources of science to meet the exigencies oi modm 

 civilization. 



But, again; of the modern arts to which I have reti-rn-d. 

 those on which our present industries chiefly depend, no incon- 

 siderable portion are entirely new, and, most of them, tin 

 direct progeny of the modern sciences. Photography, tele- 

 graphy, electro-metallurgy in all its varieties, chemical manu- 

 factures, steam engineering, and other arts almost nuinln-i ! >s. 

 we recognize as almost purely the gifts of science to tin 

 world. 



Take the art of utilizing the power of steam. Who can 

 estimate the obligations of the world to physical science for 

 this single benefaction ? Think of the revolutions it has 

 already achieved, and the progress it has rendered possible in 

 every department of human industry. It is the steam engine, 

 indeed, that, more than anything else, determines, in modern 

 times, the wealth and power of nations ; the steam engine that 

 has enabled England to lead the world in manufactures and 

 commerce ; the steam engine, that, by propelling our trans- 

 ports and our iron leviathans, and sending swiftly over the 

 rail our vast armies, and pouring from thousands of factorii-s 

 wealth into our national coffers, formed an indispensable aux- 

 iliary in crushing for us the slave-holders' rebellion, and saving 

 the republic. Who indeed can gauge or define its p<>\\vr ? 

 ll->w magnificently it has widened the field of human I-HUT- 

 prise ! How many hundred fold it has multiplied, on e\ 



