27 



gate it promises within the compass of a single generation ; 

 an aggregate, at the present and past ratio of increase, of 

 a hundred millions at the end of the century. The value of 

 our manufactures was nearly doubled between 1850 and 1860, 

 and that of our agricultural products nearly four-folded in the 

 same time. In 1860, the former amounted to 1900,000,000 ; 

 equal to more than two- thirds of the debt saddled upon us by 

 the rebellion Indeed, nothing connected with the rebellion 

 more astonished the old world, than the revelation it made of 

 the almost unlimited resources of our arts and manufactures, 

 as well as of our agriculture. At the present time, more than 

 one-third of our entire population is supported, directly and 

 indirectly, by manufacturing industry ; and it is this depart- 

 ment of industry, perhaps, more than any other, that is directly 

 benefltted by science. The increasing activity, also, of the 

 inventive talent ot the country, is seen in the ever-expanding 

 business of the patent-office the number of patents issued 

 last year being nearly 10,000 an increase of 50 per cent, over 

 the year before ; and here again, science has an important work 

 to do, in preventing the waste of this talent (as it too often in 

 wasted) on useless or impracticable contrivances. 



We have reached a period, then, as a nation, when the ruder 

 and more wasteful forms of industry will no longer sw///' < . 

 Though, iii a fertile and sparsely settled country the exube- 

 nine.e of nature makes amends for deficiency of economy and 

 skill, that time for us is past. . With the growth of population 

 and the increase of competition in every department of indus- 

 try, our arts and manufactures, as well as agriculture, can no 

 longer afford to retain the uneconomical methods of former 

 times. Success can be secured, now and in the future, only by 

 carefully adjusting the cost of production to the market price. 

 And to this end. not only the management of the processes, but 



