.S7A' H7I.I./AM SIEMEKX, I-'.K.S. 



'83 



Dr. Sii'infHS : We have never found any inconvenience in having 

 a rudder there instead of a solid block. 



Thr ( 'lutirman : That is what I wanted to ask. 



I >r. Siemens : I may say that the rudder is locked by a strong 

 bolt, which makes it actually like part of the ship ; it goes in a 

 frame. 



In the discussion of the Paper 



CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE THEORY OF SUBMERGING 

 AND TESTING SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHS, 



By DR. WERNER SIEMENS, 



MR. C. "W. SIEMENS,* F.R.S. said : I thoroughly concur with 

 the concluding remarks of the last speaker that submarine tele- 

 graphs are specifically English enterprises. I might go further, 

 and say every submarine cable which is now working is, almost 

 without exception, the produce of this country, and has been 

 shipped from the Thames. 



With regard to my brother's paper, it was remarked on the last 

 occasion that it is essentially a theoretical paper. It was intended 

 to be such, and I am glad it has elicited such able remarks as 

 those which have fallen from Mr. Varley. We have all heard of 

 " Varley's fault " in the French Atlantic Cable, and I have been 

 idad to hear the method employed for finding the position of that 

 fault with such accuracy. The difficulty, and the only difficulty 

 in the way of determining the position of such faults, is the earth 

 currents, and Mr. Varley has dealt with great success in this 

 instance with those disturbing influences, and has worked upon a 

 different method to that pursued by my brother, who wished 

 to reduce the effect of polarisation at the point of the fault to a 

 minimum by eliminating for the time being the earth current, and 

 taking the earth current and battery current together, producing 



* Excerpt Journal of the Society of Telegraph Engineers, Vol. V. 1877, pp. 

 81-85. 



