Notes and Comment 135 



30, 6. Laud, or ... Milton. William Laud (1573-1645), 

 Archbishop of Canterbury and supporter of Charles I, attempted 

 to suppress the spread of Puritanism. He was impeached by 

 the Long Parliament and beheaded. John Milton (1608-1674), 

 the author of Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained, was the 

 Latin Secretary to Cromwell and the resolute defender of 

 Puritanism. 



30, 28. Copernican hypothesis. Copernicus (1473-1543) 

 proved that the earth revolves around the sun, not (as the old 

 Ptolemaic theory was) the sun around the earth. 



30, 32. Selenography of the moon. The last three words 

 are useless. Selenography means the scientific study of the 

 moon. 



31, 3. Torricellian experiment. Evangelista Torricelli 

 (1608-1647), a celebrated Italian physicist and friend of Galileo, 

 discovered the principle of the modern barometer. 



31, 10. Galileo . . . and Sir Francis Bacon. Galileo 

 Galilei (1564-1642), a noted Italian astronomer, constructed a 

 thermometer in 1597 and a telescope in 1609. In 1610 he 

 discovered Jupiter's satellites and the spots on the sun. His doc- 

 trines were condemned by the Pope and he was compelled to 

 abjure the Copernican theory. Lord Bacon (1561-1626), the 

 celebrated English essayist, scientist, and philosopher, made 

 no important discoveries, but he reformed the method of scien- 

 tific investigation. He is, therefore, one of the founders of 

 modern science or the " New Philosophy." 



31, 14. Dr. Wallis: John Wallis (1616-1703), an English 

 grammarian, mathematician, and theologian. 



31, 17. Dr. Wilkins: John Wilkins (1614-1672), Bishop of 

 Chester, advocate of the Copernican theory, and one of the 

 founders of the Royal Society. 



31, 22. Charles the Second: King of England from 1660 to 

 1685. The following stanza, to which Huxley makes indirect 

 reference, is said to have been written by the Earl of Rochester 

 (see note on line 2, page 30) on the door of Charles II's 

 bedchamber: 



" Here lies our sovereign lord the king, 



Whose word no man relies on; 

 He never says a foolish thing 

 Nor never does a wise one." 



31, 27. Duke of Ormond: James Butler (1610-1688), the 



