10 SEWAGE-POLLUTED OYSTERS AS CAUSE OF TYPHOID. 



(c) That even when these shellfish are procured from localities remote from the 

 risks of pollution they are at times washed, stored, cr laid down in dangerous prox- 

 imity to sewer or drain outfalls. 



(d) That the shellfish with which this report is concerned may occasionally become 

 polluted either specifically or otherwise by the treatment to which they are subjected 

 by the sellers. 



() That at the present time there is practically no control, in a sanitary sense, 

 exercised over places from which these shellfish are collected or wherein they are 

 laid down, washed or stored. 



(/) That large quantities of the shellfish here under consideration are introduced 

 into England and Wales from Scotland and Ireland and that, therefore, any regula- 

 tions or restrictions to be effectual should apply to all parts of Great Britain and to 

 Ireland. 



(g) That as large quantities of shellfish are introduced into this country from abroad, 

 notably from Holland, France, and America, any legislation directed to the control 

 of the home industry must also take account of foreign importations. 



(h) That so long as the state of affairs revealed in this report obtains, both with 

 regard to home and foreign shellfish, those persons who desire to avoid contraction of 

 shellfish-borne enteric fever or gastroenteritis should either abstain entirely from such 

 shellfish as mussels or cockles or consume them only after they have been actually 

 at the boiling point for at least five minutes. 



(13) In Bureau of Chemistry Bulletin No. 136, by the present 

 writer/ a review of the literature on shellfish contamination is sub- 

 mitted, together with bacteriological and other data. 



THE MINISINK EPIDEMIC. 

 INCEPTION OF THE INVESTIGATION. 



The annual firemen's parade of Orange County, N. Y., was held 

 on October 5, 1911. On this occasion fire companies, musicians, and 

 guests were invited from Tuxedo Park, Middle town, Highland Mills, 

 Suffern, Port Jervis, Wurtsboro, Nyack, Newburgh, Munroe, and 

 New York City, all of whom were present at the banquet given in 

 honor of the Tuxedo Park Fire Department by the Minisink Hook 

 and Ladder Co., and served that day at 6 p. m., in the music hall 

 at Goshen, N. Y. 



The following dinners and banquets were served at Goshen on 

 this day: 



(1) Minisink banquet, at Music Hall, about 155 guests present. 



(2) Cataract Engine and Hose Co., at the St. Elmo Hotel, about 

 100 guests present. 



(3) Dickman Hose Co., served at M. E. Church, about 125 guests 

 present. 



(4) Goshen Fife and Drum Corps, at the Occidental Hotel, about 

 50 guests present. 



(5) Fire chiefs, engineers, and assistants, at Mrs. Dopp's, about 

 30 guests present. 



i Stiles, Geo. W. Snellfish contamination from sewage-polluted waters and from other sources. Apr. 

 19, 191L 



