PROPORTION REACHING THE SEWERS 59 



ceding is clearly seen, and the variation in the percentages 

 discharged from the same district. From the most urban 

 district the maximum discharge was 58.2 per cent of the 

 rainfall, and from the most rural it was as low as 4.0 per 

 cent. 



The following gives the general characteristics of the several 

 drainage districts (Kuichling's Report, Table XIX). 



District I. About one-half of this area has a dense popula- 

 tion, averaging about 35 per acre, and is well developed, while 

 the remainder is thinly settled, with much agricultural or 

 vacant land. Nearly all of the existing streets are sewered or 

 graded, but only a small proportion of the aggregate length is 

 improved with macadam, the rest having earthen roadways. 

 Soil-surface is generally clayey loam, interspersed with some 

 gravel. Surface slightly undulating, the average slope of the 

 sewered streets being about 1:150. Sewer-grades range from 

 i : 47 to i : 910. Outlet sewer is of good rubble masonry with 

 flat segmental invert of brick. Length of main and tributary 

 sewers at Gage No. 2, is 10.35 miles. 



District IV. Area is generally well developed, beginning in 

 the central portion of the city and extending northerly to 

 Gage No. 8, in the form of a comparatively narrow strip 

 about 4800 feet long by 1200 feet wide on the average. All 

 of the streets are sewered and graded, and about one-third the 

 aggregate length is improved with stone block, asphalt, macadam, 

 and gravel pavement, the macadam, however, predominating; 

 the remainder of the streets have common earthen roadways. 

 Along the principal street (North Avenue) many large business 

 blocks have been built, but the rest of the territory is occupied 

 chiefly by residences. The population may be taken at about 

 32 per acre. The houses are generally large, and lots of medium 

 size. Below Gage No. 8 few of the streets are improved, 

 and there is considerable vacant land. The soil is mainly a 

 clayey loam, with muck in the lower portions. The surface 

 slopes gently to the north as far as the N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R., 

 and then becomes very flat. The average grade of the streets 



