REVISION OF SOILS IN THE ALBEMARLE AREA. 9 



inches. In some of the lower situations fine material is washed down 

 from adjacent higher land, giving the surface soil the texture of a 

 heavy sandy loam. 



The type occupies flat, gently rolling, and undulating areas through- 

 out the terrace belt. It occurs at all levels from just above the over- 

 flow bottoms to the foot of the mountain slopes, but seems to be most 

 extensive on the lower levels. It has good surface and under drainage, 

 yet conserves moisture in favorable amounts for good plant growth. 

 Typical areas occur just north of Lyndhurst, in the vicinity of Island- 

 ford and about Yancey. 



Corn, rye, and cowpeas do especially well on this soil and acreage 

 yields of 50 to 75 bushels of corn are not infrequent under good man- 

 agement. Oats, cowpeas, wheat, grass, and clover give fair to good 

 returns, particularly on the heavier phases. Sweet and Irish pota- 

 toes, cantaloupes, watermelons, and a number of vegetables could 

 be successfully grown. In locations having good air drainage it is 

 believed apples would succeed. Some thrifty trees were seen on the 

 type. 



The soil needs organic matter, such as could be easily supplied by 

 growing cowpeas and clover, and occasionally turning under a crop. 

 Rye is also a good source of organic matter, but the cowpeas and 

 clover, in addition to supplying needed vegetable matter, add nitro- 

 gen through their root nodules. Commercial fertilizers give good 

 results. A brand analyzing about 8 per cent phosphoric acid, 3 per 

 cent nitrogen, and 4 per cent potash has been quite successfully used 

 on somewhat similar soils in other sections, when applied in moderate 

 amounts, both for corn and grain. 



WAYNESBORO STONY SANDY LOAM. 



The Waynesboro stony sandy loam differs essentially from the 

 sandy loam in the much greater abundance of rounded rock. A 

 typical area in the vicinity of Lyndhurst (see fig. 4) consists of a 

 light-brown to yellowish-brown sandy loam. The subsoil proper, 

 beginning at about 12 to 20 inches, is a red friable sandy clay. The 

 surface of the type is thickly strewn with rounded rocks, mostly 

 quartzite cobbles less than 10 inches in diameter. These rocks are also 

 disseminated throughout the soil mass. The type occurs in close 

 association with the other terrace soils throughout the valley and, 

 like them, has a flat to gently rolling topography. It is most exten- 

 sive on the higher levels near the foot of the mountain slopes. It 

 embraces a larger area than the sandy loam type 



The Waynesboro stony sandy loam is adapted to about the same 

 crops as the Waynesboro sandy loam, but it does not give as good 

 average yields, as the stones interfere with cultivation where they 

 have not been picked off. Much of the type is covered with different 



