Improvements in Farming 61 



in the neighbourhood. Thomas Bates, who had farmed in 

 Northumberland, moved to Kirklevington, a few miles south of 

 the Tees, in 1811. He had a clear idea of the type of Shorthorn 

 he wished to produce, and at his death in 1849 he left several 

 strains or families in his herd, members of which in later years 

 were sold for enormously high prices in England and in the 

 United States, where many of them had gone. 



The work of these prominent breeders carried the reputation 

 of the Shorthorns over the whole country, and the cattle them- 



Shorthorn Bull (Bridgebank Paymaster), 1921. 



selves soon followed the good report. But apart from this more 

 brilliant side of their development the ordinary Shorthorn had 

 commended itself widely by its profitable qualities. Marshall, 

 writing in 1799 in his Agriculture in the Southern Counties, says 

 that ' the cowkeepers in the environs of London keep, almost 

 solely, the shorthorned or Yorkshire breed. . . . These are bought 

 in Yorkshire and Durham, and some I believe in Lincolnshire, 

 by dealers, who drive them southward into Northamptonshire 

 or Bedfordshire, where they are met by other dealers, who supply 



