164 APPENDIX 



formerly been the king's property, ' royal demesne ' or ' ancient 

 demesne' as it was sometimes called, there were also to be 

 found bondsmen holding by a special tenure called 'villein 

 socage.' Such tenants were in a securer position than ordinary 

 bondsmen, and certainly could not be disturbed so long as 

 they performed their customary services. 



C. Mantes of the various Features of Common, Arable and 

 Meadow Land 



Whilst the system of common fields formerly prevailed 

 throughout England, the names of the features varied greatly. 



The arable strips sometimes called 'acres' were also (as 

 mentioned in the text) called 'lands/ and in other places the 

 names given were 'shots,' 'sellions,' 'lawns,' 'loons,' 'dales/ 

 'raps/ 'pauls/ and perhaps 'ridges/ 'rigs' and 'doles/ 



A strip taking the form of a terrace on a hill-side was called 

 a 'linch.' 



Three-cornered pieces of arable were called ' gores/ ' pikes/ 

 ' pightels ' or ' f others.' 



The dividing belts in the arable fields were generally called 

 4 baulks/ but also sometimes ' meres/ 'reans/ ' walls' and 'edges.' 



The groups of strips which were surrounded by broad grass 

 belts so as to form fields were called not only 'furlongs' but 

 'shots/ a name that had a different meaning in different dis- 

 tricts. The grass belts themselves were, like the narrower belts, 

 called ' baulks ' ; of these baulks, those running parallel to the 

 furrows were called ' side-baulks ' or ' way-baulks/ those running 

 across the end of the furrows, on which the ploughs would turn, 

 being called ' headland baulks ' or ' headlands.' 



The common meadowland was sometimes known as the ' lot 

 meadows' 'carrs/ 'leazes/ or 'the ings' or 'the doles.' The 

 word 'doles/ indicating the 'dealt-out land/ being probably 

 confined in its use to grass land ; when found employed in 

 modern times in relation to arable, it was possibly inherited in 

 its use from a time when the land was meadow. 



D. Some Statistics relating to Enclosures 



The extent of the land enclosed from time to time cannot be 

 ascertained with accuracy, but we have some information from 

 which we can make shrewd guesses. 



