TYPE OF CULTIVATION 223 



raise the rent of the arable fields to 2, to enable 

 the Association to meet the cost of the buildings. 



TENANTS. 



A comparatively small number of the tenants 

 live entirely off their holdings ; the majority are 

 either farm-labourers, or are working tradesmen, 

 carters, railway-men, etc. The largest occupier, 

 holding 40 acres and occupying half the farm- 

 house, was a foreman on a farm for twenty- 

 one years. He keeps milking-cows, and rears 

 calves and young stock to fatten. He goes in for 

 horse-breeding, and buys young horses to sell again 

 after he has broken them in by working on the 

 farm. He grows oats, barley, wheat, mangels, 

 turnips, peas and beans, and potatoes. He employs 

 no regular labour ; he and his neighbour frequently 

 co-operate in the use of horses and implements. 



The arable plots are cultivated in the usual way 

 with corn, roots, peas, beans, and potatoes. The 

 grass holdings are used for turning out horses or 

 running young cattle. There appeared to be a 

 great demand for more grass land in connection 

 with the arable holdings. It would enable the 

 men to keep more stock on the land itself to 

 consume the arable produce and make manure. 

 Whilst most of the land was well farmed, a few of 

 the plots were indifferently cultivated, and I 

 gathered that this was largely owing to the fact 

 that these holders lived at some distance, and had 

 to pay for all the horse labour. Manure carting 



