CHAPTER IV 



PUMPING WATERS 



IN cases of small water supplies it will very often be 

 found necessary to raise the water from its source of 

 supply to the point at which it is required to be used. 

 This is nearly always the case with wells, except in the 

 instance which was given in the last chapter, and in 

 many cases river water will have to be pumped also, 

 because the outlay available for the scheme will not 

 usually warrant large reservoirs being formed at a 

 higher level up stream, as is the case with large town 

 water supply schemes. 



Every one is well acquainted with the ordinary 

 hand pump in use in many houses at the present day 

 for raising water from a shallow well in the vicinity. 

 They are usually of the form known as wall pumps, 

 and as the name implies they are fixed to the wall, 

 and motion imported to them by means of a long 

 lever. They are very useful for drawing water from 

 moderate depths (say up to 25 feet) in small quantities. 

 When used for pumping into storage tanks the 

 labour spent is sometimes heavy. In this class of 

 pump the cheapest and best in the end is the .best 

 quality it is possible to buy. They should be made 

 entirely of gun-metal, except the lever, etc., and frame, 

 while the bearings should be bushed ; all pins case- 



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