72 SMALL WATER SUPPLIES. 



placed across the stream where shown, will be an 

 advantage to working ; it need only be made of dry 

 stone just to pond up the water so that it will enter 

 the drive pipe easily. Water is led to the feed tank 

 by means of ordinary stoneware or fireclay drain 

 pipes laid on a concrete bed and cement jointed. 

 The overflow (or exhaust) pipe from ram is made in 

 a similar way, whilst the pipe from the feed tank to 

 ram being under pressure would be ordinary cast- 

 iron spigot and socket water main jointed with lead. 

 A suitable house should be built for the ram with 

 access for repairs or inspection, while the feed tank 

 would be built of concrete. It serves to intercept 

 foreign matter which would otherwise gain access 

 to the ram and choke it. It should be cleaned out 

 at intervals, for which purpose a small hand stop- 

 plate is useful, where shown, set in concrete. Other 

 modifications of the above example will of course 

 present themselves to the reader who may have special 

 cases to consider on their merits ; it is given as being 

 typical of most installations. 



Mention has been made of sinking shallow wells 

 near a river to intercept the water finding its way to 

 that river in hopes that it will be of better quality. 

 This water will usually have to be raised to the 

 source of supply. When this shallow well has a 

 water level not more than 8 ft. below the surface, 

 and a hydraulic ram is workable from the river at 

 the surface of that well, it may be adapted to raising 

 the water from it. Rams of this kind are made by 

 Messrs. John Blake & Co., of Accrington, Lanes., and 

 the idea is shown by fig. 55. The pure supply, of 

 course, need not of necessity be drawn from a well, 



