76 SMALL WATER SUPPLIES. 



rods should be of wrought iron with tee butt joints. 

 Where they are very long guide brackets have to 

 be erected in the well shaft, at intervals of about 

 10 ft., and the guides are best made in the form 

 of anti-friction rollers. The erection of these pumps 

 demands the greatest care, so as to ensure that the 

 pump and rods are in a truly vertical line. If this is 

 not so the valves will get broken. The most effici- 

 ent pump for this class of work is that which has a 

 hollow working barrel, and the suction valves in that 

 barrel, and the best known type in England of such a 

 pump is perhaps that known as Ashley's pump, and 

 made by Messrs. Glenfield & Kennedy, Ltd., Kil- 

 marnock. It is illustrated and fully explained in 

 figs. 57 and 58. It has the advantage of perfect 

 accessibility ; the bottom valve and the bucket which 

 contains both the suction and delivery valves can be 

 lifted, examined and replaced very quickly. The 

 pump is admirably adapted to bore-holes, and it 

 is made in sizes from 2 in. x 6 in. to 23 in. x 48 in. 



Another form of pump used in wells is known as 

 the plunger pump, and is very simple, and is illus- 

 trated in fig. 59. Here A is the plunger, in small 

 pumps usually of gun-metal, and in larger sizes lined 

 with the same working in an ordinary stuffing-box, 

 packed with hemp soaked in tallow. B is the rising 

 main, C the upper valve chest, D the lower valve 

 chest, and E the suction pipe with a strainer at the 

 bottom. It may here be remarked that all pumps 

 should be placed as near the water as possible, and 

 that the suction pipe should terminate in some sort 

 of strainer to keep out large foreign bodies which 

 might enter the pump and choke it, if not ruin it 



