PUMPING WATERS. 



95 



sive subject in itself, our remarks will be confined to 

 giving an illustration of the means of utilizing power 

 in this way. Referring to fig. 79, water is conducted 

 along the head race to the wheel pit, passing through 

 a grating to remove leaves, etc., and a penstock for 

 shutting down for repairs. 

 The turbine works com- 

 pletely under water, or 

 is "drowned," as it is 

 termed, and has a vertical 

 shaft. The water, after 

 passing through the tur- 

 bine, flows away by 

 gravity along a suitable 

 channel. Above the tur- 

 bine is the house where 

 the starting wheel is 

 fixed. The sliding gate 

 is never used for regulat- 

 ing purposes. The bevel 

 gearing is also in this 

 house, and the shaft which 

 drives thepump and other 

 machinery as required. 

 The arrangement is very 

 compact and typical. The 



FIG. 79. 



Girard turbine and the pelton wheel generally have 

 horizontal shafts and the water laid on to them by 

 pipes ; the methods of connexion with the pump then 

 become quite similar to any other prime mover. 



Yet another source of power which must not be lost 

 sight of is wind-power, which is very frequently 

 employed for the purpose under discussion. It is 



