150 SMALL WATER SUPPLIES. 



tween them in the socket is run molten lead. This 

 is afterwards caulked with a proper tool, and a very 

 sound lasting joint will result. Before running the 

 lead a round or so of gasket is pushed into the space 

 to keep the pipes central and prevent the lead getting 

 into them. The use of lead wool is much to be re- 

 commended. No gasket or molten lead is then re- 

 quired. It becomes a solid mass when rammed home 

 with a proper caulking tool. 



In fig. 1 1 8 is a type of joint known as the turned 

 and bored joint, these pipes being also sometimes 

 termed " drive " pipes. A special projection is cast 

 both on the spigot and socket, and these are faced up 



FIG. 117. FIG. 1 1 8. 



in the lathe to a taper. When the spigot end is 

 rammed into the socket end and gently tapped home, 

 the two turned faces come together and make the 

 joint. They should be wiped with red-lead before 

 driving home. No hard and fast rule can be laid 

 down for the sizes of mains in small works. Four 

 in. mains will be found to give satisfaction in most 

 cases. The extra expense over 2 and 3 in. mains is 

 generally amply repaid by future freedom from 

 trouble and a good supply for cases of fire or emer- 

 gencies. The thickness of metal will vary according 

 to the greatest " head " likely to come upon them. 

 The makers should be informed of the head when 

 ordering. The pipes may be laid following the in- 

 clinations of the surface, provided the laws of the 

 hydraulic gradient are observed, but it is a mistake 



