STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION. 



to have too many rises and falls, where a little extra 

 cutting would reduce them. The pipes should have 

 about 2 ft. 6 in. of cover at least. They may be laid 

 in the trench without concrete, but they must bear 

 evenly on the bottom, and concentration of weight 

 on the sockets rigidly avoided. Where a length of pipe 

 has to be cut, the joint of two adjacent spigot ends 

 is made by a collar, which 

 constitutes a double - ended 

 socket, as shown in fig. 119. 

 It is run up with lead in the 

 usual way. When crossing a 

 hill pipes meet so A and at FlG - J1 9- 



these points an air-valve is placed to let out air when 

 the main is being filled after lying empty for any 

 reason. These, together with stop-valves, hydrants, 

 hatch-boxes for inspection, etc., constitute the usual 

 fittings for distribution. 



They are all fully illustrated and described in the 

 catalogues of such makers as Messrs. Glenfield & 

 Kennedy of Kilmarnock, etc., and it is unnecessary 

 to describe them in de- 

 tail here, as they are 

 always put up in stock 

 patterns and sizes. 

 When a small depres- 

 sion or ravine has to be 

 crossed, it is sometimes 

 inadvisable to carry the 

 pipe down one side and 

 up the other. A very 

 useful construction, em- FIGS. 120, 121. 



ployed by the writer, which is simple and cheap, is 

 shown in figs. 120 and 121, 



