CHAPTER XV 

 ACIDS, BASES, AND SALTS 



As we saw at the opening of the preceding chapter, acids, bases, 

 and substances with certain_chejpi^al prnpprf.jps similar to those 

 of common salt form the vast majority of the compounds met 

 with in inorganic chemistry. On account of their resemblfl/no.ft 

 _to_cominpn salt, the substances of the third clas_s are called salts. 

 We shall first recall the names and formulae of some of the ex- 

 amples of these, classes that we have already had occasion to 

 mention. 



Some Familiar Acids. The following are some of the acids 

 we have mentioned: 



Hydrochloric acid HC1 Nitric acid HNO 8 



Sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4 Hypochlorous acid HOC1 



Phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4 Acetic acid HCO 2 CHj 



Familiar Bases. The bases mentioned, with one or two addi- 

 tions (in italics), ?re: 



Sodium hydroxide NaOH Calcium hydroxide . . .Ca(OH) 2 



Potassium hydroxide KOH Cupric hydroxide Cu(OH) 2 



Ammonium hydroxide NH 4 OH Zinc hydroxide Zn(OH) 2 



Familiar Salts. Some of those already mentioned are: 



Sodium chloride NaCl Potassium chlorate KC1O 3 



Sodium sulphate Na 2 SO 4 Zinc sulphide ZnS 



Potassium nitrate KNO 3 Sodium peroxide Na 2 O 2 



Ammonium chloride NH 4 C1 Sodium carbonate Na 2 CO 3 



Cupric sulphate CuSO 4 Lead sulphide PbS 



Radicals. Upon comparing the formulae in the lists, we 

 notice that: 



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