viii CONTENTS 



PAGE 



The Foaming, Emulsifying and Washing Properties of Soaps 136 



1. The Foaming Properties of Soaps 136 



2. The Emulsifying Properties of Soaps 150 



3. On the Theory of Foaming and Emulsification 154 



4. The Washing Properties of Soaps 157 



PART TWO 

 THE COLLOID-CHEMISTRY OF SOAP MANUFACTURE 



I. Principles of Hot and Cold Process Soap Manufacture 163 



1. Introduction 163 



2. The Oils, Fats and Waxes Entering the Soap Kettle 164 



3. Significance of Some Fat and Oil Constants for the Colloid- 



Chemistry of Soap 169 



4. Hot and Cold Process Soap Manufacture : 170 



5. The Mixing of Fat with Alkali. Initial Emulsification 174 



6. Concentration of Alkali, and Method of Adding it for Saponi- 



fication 178 



7. The Changes in Soap Systems Consequent upon Cooling. . . . 180 



8. The Salting-out of Mixed Soaps 181 



9. The Finishing of Soap 



10. Some Physical Constants of Market Soaps 186 



11. The Conversion of One Soap into Another 190 



II. Fillers for Soaps 192 



PART THREE 



THE ANALOGIES IN THE COLLOID-CHEMISTRY OF SOAPS, 

 PROTEIN DERIVATIVES AND TISSUES 



I. The Chemical and Colloid-Chemical Behavior of Fatty Acids and 

 Their Derivatives and the Analogous Behavior of " Neutral" 

 Proteins and Their Derivatives 205 



1. Introduction 205 



2. The Chemical Behavior of the Fatty Acids and the Analogous 



Behavior of the Amino-Acids (Neutral Proteins) 205 



3. The System Egg-Globulin/Water 209 



4. The System Gelatin/Water 218 



5. Supplementary and Critical Remarks. . 



6. On Peptization and Coagulation 225 



