TABLE OF CONTENTS 



PART ONE 



THE COLLOID-CHEMISTRY OF SOAPS 



PAGE 



I. Soap Making 3 



1 1 ntroduction 3 



2. Soap Making as a Colloid-Chemical Problem. The Fatty 



Acids of the Technical and Theoretical Chemists 6 



II. The System Soap/Water 9 



1. Introduction 9 



2. Preparation and Gelation Capacities of Some Pure Soaps with 



Water 10 



a. Soaps with Different Basic Radicals 10 



b. Soaps with Different Acid Radicals 15 



c. The Effects of Water Concentration 22 



III. The System Soap/ Alcohol 30 



1 . Introduction 30 



2. Experiments with Monatomic Alcohols 30 



a. Monatomic Alcohols of the General Composition 



CnH^+jOH 30 



6. Monatomic Alcohols of the General Compositi.ni 



C M H,,OH 49 



3. Experiment- with Diatomic Alcohols 50 



4. Experiments with Triatomic Alcohols (Glycerin) 52 



IV. The System Soap/X. Colloid Soaps in other Nun-Aqueous 



"Solvent*" 60 



V. On tin- ( ;IM t:il Theory of the Lyophilic Colloids. 64 



\ II i nd Critical Remarks 64 



2. Theory ot ('.'. 



VI. Definition of Hyutcresis. Swelling. I.i<|urfart i<>n. illation Capar- 



iiy. ( 'T'sis, Sil 7 I 



VII ( >n tin- Kra-t i..n of Soaps to Indicators. ... 77 



Nil I < MI tin I M.N-ii-al State of Soap Mixtures. 83 



!\ O 'v in Bo*JN 80 



X. On the "Salt inn-out" of Soaps. . 03 



1 In '-.. - . olmte... 



2. Critical anl Ili-toriral Remat ... 107 



<i liitrodiirtinii 107 



/. Hi-Jori.-al I: h|M I 1< 



e. On tin- Theory of th- "Saltnm-ont " of Soaps. . , H.'J 



'n th<- "SaltiiiK-out" of DifTrrvntSoape .. 116 



VII 



