70 



SOAPS AND PROTEINS 



chemical observa- 

 tions which show 

 that the lower soaps 

 behave " normally " 

 even at relatively 

 low temperatures; 

 but all the soaps, 

 even the higher ones, 

 tend to behave os- 

 motically, electric- 

 ally, optically, etc., 

 as so-called " true " 

 solutions when their 

 temperature is suffi- 

 ciently raised 

 (KRAFFT) . 



To illustrate the 

 matter in crude 

 fashion and more 

 particularly for any 

 of the higher soaps 

 (which experiment 

 has shown to be 

 particularly favor- 

 able for the produc- 

 tion of " colloids ") 

 and to illustrate the 

 effects of a lowering 

 of temperature, Figs. 

 48 and 49 are intro- 

 duced. Fig. 48 shows 

 the results if the 

 separating phase has 

 a liquid character; 

 Fig. 49, if it is solid 

 or crystalline. The 

 diagrams are sup- 

 posed to show the 

 results when two 

 mutually soluble 



SOAP 



WATER 



WATER 



SOAP 



FIGURE 48. 



