102 



SOAPS AND PROTEINS 



earlier in the case of the polyvalent acid radicals than in that 

 of the simpler ones. 



4. The next problem was to determine the effects of adding 

 alkali and salt together to potassium oleate. The effects of 



FIGURE 67. 



different concentrations of potassium chlorid added to standard 

 potassium oleate, containing two different concentrations of potas- 

 sium hydroxid, are shown in Tables XLIII and XLIV. 



So far as concentration of the potassium hydroxid is con- 

 cerned, Table XLIII must be compared with the second tube 



FIGURE 68. 



of Fig. 57 (Table XXVI) ; so far as the concentration of potassium 

 chlorid is concerned, with the first five tubes of Fig. 60 (Table 

 XXX). When this is done it is observed that the effects of the 

 alkali and of the added potassium chlorid are additive. In other 

 words, gelation and secondary liquefaction are apparent earlier 

 in the series in Table XLIII than in the corresponding tubes of 

 Figs. 57 and 60. 



