THE COLLOID-CHEMISTRY OF SOAP MANUFACTURE 165 



Since the kind of soap formed and its properties are so largely 

 a matter of the kind and relative proportion of the fatty acids 

 which occur in the original soap stock it is well to begin by listing 

 a fc\v of the commoner oils, fats and waxes and giving their per- 

 centage composition. The series which follows is catalogued 

 arbitrarily, those fats which contain the smallest number of fatty 

 acids or such as have the lower melting points being given first. 

 A more detailed discussion of this subject lies without the limits 

 of this volume; for such the accepted handbooks l or original 

 papers dealing with this subject must be consulted. 



Linseed Oil. A generally accepted average analysis is that 

 of HAZURA and GRUSSNER which reads as follows: 



Oleic acid 5 percent 



Linolic acid 15 percent 



Linolenic acid 15 percent 



" Isolinolenic " acid 65 percent 



In the place of the above analysis, to which J. LEWKOWITSCH 2 

 has raised objection, this author gives the following: 



Solid fatty acids (palmitic, myristic, stearic, arachidic) . 7.5 percent 



Linolic acid 36 . 5 percent 



Linolenic acid 56.0 percent 



Poppy Seed Oil. The whole oil carries 6.67 percent of solid 

 fatty acids (TOLMAN and MuNSON 3 ). The liquid fatty acids 

 consist, according to HAZURA and GRUSSNER, of 



Oleic acid 30 permit 



Linolic acid (>"> percent 



Linolenic acid 5 IXM< < m 



Cottonseed Oil. According to TWITCHELL, FARNSTEINER, TOL- 

 MAN and MuNSON, 4 the whole oil contain^ from '2'2.'.\ to 32.6 per- 

 cent of solid fatty acids, consisting chiefly of palmitic acid with 

 a small quantity of arachidic acid. The liquid fatty acids, accord- 



See for example J. LEWKOWITSCH: Oils, Fate and Waxes, 5th Ed., 2, 



In<lon l'.14); MERKLEN: fctudeBurlaronstitmiondessavonxdu 

 Marseilles (1906) or in German ti.m-l.tiK.n by FRANZ GOLDSCIIMUH. llalle.i s 

 (1907); UBBELOHDE-GOLDSCHMHH II m'll.u.-li .In- <><! mxl i-Vttr. I 

 (1910). 



J i .M.I \\ i . _' 81, Loud 



>L M ToLMANaml I. B \1 Of \m < 'h. ... 9oc., 11,960 



nn,,i,.,| l.v .1 LEWKOWITHCH: Oils, Fate and Waxoa, 5th 1 ,1 2, 197, 

 London (1914). 



