THE COLLOID-CHKMISTRY OF SOAP MANUFACTURE 167 



Nutmeg Butter. The composition of this fat is thus sum- 

 marized by J. LEWK\\ i rscH. 1 



Myristic acid .............................. 73 percent 



( >lcic acid ................................. 3 percent 



Liimlcnir acid .............................. .5 percent 



Formic, aortic, cerotic acids .................. small amounts 



Essential oil ............................ 12.5 percent 



Unsaponifiable and resinous material .......... 10 . 5 percent 



Cacao Butter. This fat contains stearic acid to an extent of 

 about 40 percent. Oleic acid is present in excess of 30 percent. 

 Several other fatty acids have been declared to be present, but 

 their amounts are debated. Palmitic, arachidic and linolic acids 

 have been found and, according to debatable evidence, lauric 

 and caprylic are also present. 



Palm Kernel Oil. This interesting and much used fat, accord- 

 ing to ELSDON 2 is composed of the following : 



Caproic acid ...................... 2 percent 



Caprylic acid ..................... 4, percent 



Capric acid ....................... 6 percent 



Lauric acid ....................... 55 percent 



Myristic acid ..................... 12 percent 



Palmitic acid ..................... 9 percent 



Stearic acid ................. < ..... 7 percent 



Oleic acid ........................ 4 percent 



Palm kernel oil is largely used for soap making, chiefly in admix- 

 ture with other oils and fats. Like cocoanut oil, it is eminently 

 >uital)le for the manufacture of soaps by the "cold" process. 

 The fn->he>t oil i> employed in the manufaet ure of vegetable but ter. 

 Cocoanut nil. .]. LEWKOWITSCH uses the anal\>i> of the I'.-itty 

 acids of cocoanut oil by PAULMYKK to produce the following table: 



Caproic arid ............ i J". j -r< -m 



', lie ;irid U _'.' ]MTcrnt 



;d 1'.) ~>O 1* ! 



1 Id U |MTcriit 



id 1M (I |XTCcnt 



1'altnitic acid K <\ jM-rccnt 



r acid .") 1 |H 



and Waxrs. :,tl, Kd.2. .V.I. I^.mloli .1914). 



1 l.i u K. and Waxes, 6th Ed., ft, 621, 



London (1914). 



