168 SOAPS AND PROTEINS 



LEWKOWITSCH adds that the quantities of oleic, caproic and 

 caprylic acids in this analysis are undoubtedly too low. An 

 analysis by ELSDON showed the following: 



Caproic arid 2 percent 



Caprylic acid 9 percent 



Capric acid 10 percent 



Laurie acid 45 percent 



Myristic acid 20 percent 



Palmitic acid 7 percent 



Stearic acid 5 percent 



Oleic acid 2 percent 



LEWKOWITSCH holds that the oleic acid figure in this analysis is 

 also too low while that of stearic acid is much too high. 



J<if>in/ Wax. (Japan tallow). The important fatty acid con- 

 stituent of this wax is palmitic acid. Among other acids, stearic, 

 arachidic and oleic are said to be present. 1 



Goose Fat. This fat consists essentially of oleic, palmitic and 

 stearic acids. There are present also small quantities of the 

 lower volatile acids. 



Hoy Fat. According to ERNST TwrrcHELL 2 lard consists of 

 the following: 



Linolic acid 10 . 06 percent 



Oleic acid 49 . 39 percent 



Solid acids (by difference) 40 . 55 percent 



It is possible that linolenic acid is also present. In the group 

 of the solid acids are lauric, myristic, palmitic and stearic. 



Tallow. Tallow is essentially a mixture of palmitic, stearic, 

 and oleic acids. According to an examination by LINK in the 

 laboratory of J. LEWKOWITSCH 3 there are present 23.2 percent 

 stearic acid, 28.4 percent palmitic acid and 48.4 percent oleic 

 acid. It is possible that traces of other acids like linolenic also 

 appear in tallow. 



Butter fat. The following acids have been identified in butter 

 fat: acetic (?), butyric, caproic, caprylic, capric, lauric, myristic, 

 palmitic, stearic, arachidic and oleic acids. It is held by certain 

 authors that butter fat also contains hydroxylated acids. The 

 presence of linolenic acid has been described. The percentages 



i J. LEWKOWITSCH: Oils, Fats and Waxes, 5th Ed., 2, 654, London (1914). 



*E. TWITCHELL: Jour. Sor. Chom. Industry, 515 (1895). 



* J. LEWKOWITSCH: Oils, Fats and Waxes, 5th Ed., 2, 767, London (1914). 



