1 66 



ADAPTATION AND PROGRESS 



Material 



Economic 

 (Wirthschaftlich) 



Moral 



Common dwelling place (more or less removed) 



Common Social Life 



Consanguinity 



Relationship 



Rank 



Possessions 



Occupations 



Nobility 

 Burghers 

 Peasants 

 Professional classes, etc. 



/ Rural 

 I Urban 



' Landowners 



Farm tenants 



Manufacturers and industrial 

 workers 



Merchants 

 . Artisans, etc. 



Language 



Religion 



Science 



Art 



Accidental fate (emigrants, etc.) 



O 



" The greater the number of these socializing forces that bind 

 men together, the stronger is the social bond, the greater the 

 social cohesion, and as a result the greater the power to withstand 

 opposition, and especially as these operate over long periods of 

 time." 



Like Spencer, Schaffle and others, our author believes in a 

 cycle of social development and decay due to the play of natural 

 laws. " It is not difficult to show the causes of this cyclical 

 motion in the natural, economic and social conditions of folk- 

 life," he says. "... Men's wants and desires . . . cause them 

 to raise themselves by groups and societies from a primitive con- 

 dition to a condition of culture and civilization; and, having 

 once attained it, so to conduct themselves that their fall neces- 

 sarily follows through other groups and societies in a progressive 

 state." 2 The chief cause assigned for this decay is increase of 



1 Grundriss, p. 145. Cf. also Soziologie und Politik, pp. 84, 92-95. 



2 Moore, p. 205. 



