SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 321 



affection, of emotional activity. Now reflective creation and 

 affection are functions of the individual, never of a group, how- 

 ever much the individual may be determined by his social 

 environment. This truth, together with some metaphysical con- 

 siderations, warrants the use of the term personalism. 1 But this 

 very fact of the determination of the individual by society war- 

 rants the qualifying word social, and finally, the fact that in the 

 highest forms of associational activity we have such a " together- 

 ness " of self-conscious activity that approach is made to the 

 phenomenon of personality, and that the goal of the individual is 

 not merely personal but also some form of associational well- 

 being, warrants the compound social-personalism. Let us note 

 how this concept has grown out of our historical survey of the 

 development of the concept of adaptation: 



In our study of biological evolution we saw how the individual 

 organism was the product of the species and of the material 

 environment (with due allowance for mutation), also how the 

 good of the species including future generations seemed to have 

 consideration above the welfare of the mere individual. We have 

 seen that personality is likewise the product of physical and social 

 heredity and of social suggestion, i. e., it is a social product, modi- 

 fied by individual reaction in the line of variation. Thus are 

 evolved temperament, intellectuality, moral judgment, religious 

 sentiment, indeed all the qualities that constitute and dif- 

 ferentiate personalities. But this personality cannot be satisfied 

 with mere self-development. Social instincts and social interests 

 impel to ever widening activities and an ever enlarging "self" 

 and " self -regarding sentiment." 2 Thus normally the goal of 

 the individual cannot be merely selfish in the narrow sense but 

 social and one can find true happiness only in social adaptation, 

 and the highest happiness only in the consciousness that the in- 

 dividual life is unfolding hi harmony with the cosmic order or with 

 the divine will, i. e., in religious adaptation. 



With self-development comes an expanding net-work of con- 

 flicting and co-operating interests, those of the "inclusive" group 



1 Cf. Personalism, by B. P. Bowne. 



2 McDougall, Social Psychology, pp. 174 ff. 



