CONTENTS XXI 



by British Government Licenses to American vessels A six-mile 

 limit for bays conceded Treaty of Washington, 1871 Terminated 

 by United States, 1885 Treaty of Washington, 1888 Precise 

 delimitation of bays Treaty not ratified by United States 

 Modus vivendi conceded and still in force Discussion as to bays 

 Renewed disputes in North Sea The Belgian " Devil " The 

 Higgin's Inquiry Conference at Hague, 1881 Views of British 

 Government as to territorial limit Question of dependent banks 

 Trawling and preservation of fish North Sea Convention, 1882 

 Sweden and Norway refuse to join Discussion of its terms 

 Views of British Government as to inclusion of banks Question of 

 the Eddystone, the Bell Rock, the Seven-Stones Rocks Discussion 

 as to limit under the Conventions and under the Law of Nations 

 Anglo-Danish Convention, 1901, respecting the Faroes and Iceland 604 



CHAPTER IV. 



THE MODERN PRACTICE OF STATES AND THE OPINIONS 

 OP RECENT PUBLICISTS. 



Apparent discrepancy between general practice and the opinions of 

 publicists No state has formally defined the extent of its terri- 

 torial sea Practice in Germany Denmark Two limits enforced 

 Russia The White Sea France Belgium Netherlands 

 Austria - Hungary Italy Greece British Colonies Japan 

 United States of America Chile Argentina Uruguay Three- 

 mile limit generally adopted for fisheries Exceptions in four 

 European states Spain and Portugal claim six miles Repudiated 

 by British Government Discontent in Spain and Portugal 

 Norway and Sweden Special Scandinavian limits Fjords re- 

 served Vestfjord Varangerfjord Discussion of Norwegian limit 

 Rejection of three-mile boundary Recent Norwegian laws The 

 three-mile limit is an Anglo-American doctrine Opinions of 

 modern publicists Calvo, Bluntschli, Phillimore, Halleck, 

 Lawrence, Bishop, Woolsey, Dana, Twiss, Fiore, Pradiere-Fodere, 

 Perels, Ferguson, Desjardins, Kleen, Aschehoug, de Martens, Hall, 

 Oppenheim The limit under the Law of Nations is the range of 

 guns Declarations of the International Law Association and the 

 Institut de Droit International Three miles insufficient Six 

 miles proposed for fisheries, &c The zone or line of respect for 

 neutrality to be declared by each state .... 650 



