666 THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE SEA 



respective coasts. By a convention in 1878, reciprocity was 

 established in the territorial waters of the two countries, sub- 

 ject to the observance of local regulations and certain specified 

 conditions, as the prohibition of the use of drag or trawl nets 

 ("artes de Bou ou parelhas, chalut, muletas") within twelve 

 miles from the coast. 1 In another treaty concluded between 

 these Powers on 2nd October 1885, and slightly amended in 

 1888, two fishery zones were established, the first extending to 

 three miles from the coast, which was exclusively reserved for 

 nationals, and the second, from three to six miles, in which the 

 fishermen of both countries were at liberty to fish. In a later 

 treaty of commerce and navigation, which came into force in 

 October 1893, the zone of exclusive fishing was extended to 

 six geographical miles from the coast of either country that is, 

 to the extreme boundary of the jurisdictional waters, measured 

 from low-water mark of spring tides (" de la linea de bajamar 

 de las may ores mareas "), and a ten-mile base-line for bays 

 was adopted. Within this space the fishery and its regulation 

 were reserved by each state ; but in the frontier rivers, the 

 Mino and Guadiana, the fishery was specially dealt with, as in 

 previous treaties. Each Government also agreed to prohibit 

 certain injurious modes of fishing (parejas, muletas, &c.) within 

 twelve miles of their coasts, and a series of regulations, like 

 those of the North Sea Convention of 1882, were included with 

 respect to the entry of the fishing-boats of one of the coun- 

 tries within the territorial waters of the other, and the 

 police supervision of the fishing-boats of either country be- 

 yond the six-mile limit. 2 In Spain the reservation of six miles 

 . 



1 Negocios Externos. Documentos apresentados as Cortes na Sessdo legislativa de 

 1879 pelo Ministro e Secretario d'Estado dos Negocios Estrangeiros. Questdo das 

 Pescarias, p. 258. Lisboa, 1879. The volume contains a full discussion of the 

 questions between the two Governments. 



2 Tratado de navegacion y comercio entre Espana y Portugal^ firmado en 

 Madrid el dia 27 de Marzo de 1893. Ape"ndice Sexto. Reglamento de policia 

 costera y de pesca. Sec. 1. Disposiciones aplicables a las aguas de cada pais. 

 " Art. 1. La policia costera y de pesca en las aguas jurisdiccionales de Espana y 

 de Portugal, quedard sujeta a las disposicioues siguientes. Art. 2. Los limites 

 dentro de los cuales el derecho general de pesca, queda reservado exclusivameute 

 ii los Pescadores sujetos & las jurisdicciones respectivas de las dos naciones, se fijan 

 en seis millas, contadas por fuera de la linea de bajamar de las may ores mareas. 

 Para las bahias cuya abertura no exceda de diez millas, las seis millas se contardn & 

 partir de una linea recta tirada de una punta & la otra. Las millas mencionadas 



