SPANISH SEAMEN IN THE NEW WORLD 637 



the writer has found but one case of shanghaiing recorded that 

 of a man from the island of Teneriffe who was forcibly added to 

 the crew by the order of Magellan. 24 



The sailors were a rough class of men, intemperate (if the 

 example of the seaman on Bodega's schooner who drank himself 

 to death is at all typical of their love of strong drink), 25 given to 

 excesses when they went ashore, 26 commonly afflicted with 

 venereal diseases, 27 irresponsible, and turbulent. They loved to 

 gamble and to barter, even with the very clothes they wore. 

 When Vizcaino issued out the extra supply of clothing at the 

 request of his men, to protect them from the cold, he thought 

 it necessary to issue at the same time an edict "to the effect that 

 no one should gamble or sell them, under pain of death. 7 ' 28 Mau- 

 relle records that his men cut their shirts, trousers, and jackets 

 into strips, and bartered these little rolls or bandages with the 

 Indians. 29 And Governor Fages of California ordered that no 

 bales of goods should be opened until the San Bias vessels left 

 port, to avoid the waste of clothing in barter with the sailors. 30 



Mutinies were of frequent occurrence, especially in the expedi- 

 tions which crossed the Pacific. Although seamen took part in 

 these uprisings against authority, they were often led by men of 

 higher rank, actuated by motives of jealous ambition, who found 

 discontented elements in the crew ready to aid them. Thus, 

 royal officials led a mutiny against Magellan, which he suppressed 



24 Blair and Robertson, XXXIII. 289, note 1. 



25 Francisco Antonio Maurelle, Journal of a voyage in 1775 . . in the King's 

 schooner, called the Sonora, and commanded by Don Juan Francisco de la Bodega. 

 Translation in Barrington, Miscellanies . . . (London, 1781), pp. 471-634. 

 See p. 480. 



26 Francisco Antonio Maurelle, Narrative of an interesting voyage in the frigate 

 La Princesa, from Manila to San Bias in 1780, and 1781. Translation in La 

 Perouse, A voyage round the world, in the years 1785, 1786, 1787, and 1788. 3 vols. 

 (Translated from the French, 1791), I. 340-418. See p. 375. 



27 Martinez, supra, p. 58. 



28 Sebastian Vizcaino, Diary, 1602-1603. Translation in Herbert Eugene 

 Bolton, ed., Spanish Exploration in the Southwest, 1542-1706 (New York, 1916), 

 pp. 52-103. See p. 57. 



29 Narrative of an interesting voyage in the frigate La Princesa, from Manila 

 to San Bias in 1780, and 1781. Translation in La Perouse, op. cit., I. 372. 



30 Hubert Howe Bancroft, Works, 39 vols. (San Francisco, 1882-1890), 

 XVIII. 484. 



