The River Trains 89 



which is truly remarkable all things con- 

 sidered. 



The brakes on the wheels are controlled 

 by the helmsman who stands on the gang- 

 way. 



In order that no delay shall be sustained 

 when water-borne the screws of the tug 

 are housed in deep recesses, and this plan 

 not only keeps them free from weed and 

 other obstructions in the river, but allows 

 them to function properly in very shallow 

 water. The rudders are of the twin type, 

 coupled together with light steel cables, 

 and the system gives great controllability, 

 which is very desirable in towing. 



Bumpers are fitted across the sterns, and 

 there is some protection given at the stem 

 in case of contact with another unit or 

 some obstruction. 



Whilst water-borne it is found desirable 

 to employ tow ropes, but when the loop 

 channel is reached, and before the tug 

 commences her ascent of the gradient, the 

 tow ropes are replaced by short, flexible 

 couplings. 



