1 6 Book of Steamships 



been found and are on view. One can 

 be seen at Christiania University to-day. 



In the Middle Ages generally speaking, 

 the sailing ship was used in the exposed 

 northern waters, such as the North Sea, 

 whilst the oar-driven galleys abounded 

 in the Mediterranean, where conditions 

 greatly favoured manual power. 



One of the principal uses of the galleys was 

 for fighting they were, in fact, the naval 

 vessels of the period, though, of course, 

 they were used for commerce as well. 



The introduction of cannon played an 

 important part in the growing up of 

 the ship, or rather the galley. Although 

 the first cannon were comparatively 

 small, they had the effect of making the 

 galleys top-heavy, and from this cause 

 many fine boats were lost. To counter 

 this tendency to top -heaviness the galleys 

 were built with a greater beam, and at 

 the same time the sides were made to 

 slope inwards. This form of construc- 

 tion is traceable right down to the ships 



