HISTORY 



31 



of marines at Taku, the forts were shelled l>y all 



the allies except Americans, and on June 17th, 



while the Chinese shelled the allies' fleet, the 



allied troops landed and captured the Taku 



i sanguinary conflict. On June 18th 



.nth 1'nited States Regiment was ordered 



from Manila to China, other troops following. 



On June l^lth, (lerman fury and general inter- 



national indignation was aroused when Hanm 



\etteler, the German Minister, while pro- 



^ on a diplomatic mission to the Tsung- 



n in Peking, was beset by Chinese sol- 

 nd butchered. On the same day an allied 

 ion under Vice-Admiral Seymour, of the 



British Navy, began a march upon Peking for 



the relief of the British legationers. Such count- 



of Chinese opposed him that he was 



I to turn back, suffering casualties of 374. 

 The allied warships shelled Tien-tsin on June 



ml the combined forces, two days later, 

 occupied the foreign quarters of that city. Tin- 

 Chinese, on June 23d, requested an armistice 

 through Minister \\u at Washington. The 

 I'nited States promptly replied that free com- 

 munication must fir-t be allowed with the lega- 



iinl on July -Ith. Secretary of State Hay 

 outlined to the powers the American policy. 



( )n .July l.'i-Mth. occurred one of tne noted 

 conflicts of history, when the allied forces 

 stormed the Chinese port of Tien-tsin. which 



aptured with a loss of 800 killed and 



wounded. Colonel E. H. Lixnim. commanding 



the t'nited States contingent, was among the 



slain. ( Mi July 19th, the Emperor of China 



appealed to President McKinley for peace. The 



ail vance of the allies upon Peking began August 



4th. under command of Field Marshal von \\ al- 



of the German army, who was unani- 



mou-ly selected to command the allied forces. 



The fir>t news from the beleaguered foreigners 



reached the I'nited States in the form of a cipher 



message from Minister Conger. It read: Still 



1. Situation more precarious. Chinese 



,ment insi-ting on our leaving Peking. 



which would be certain death. Rifle firing 



ily by imperial troops. Have ahun- 



urage. but little ammunit ion or provisions. 

 Tuo j e Yamen min'lMers beheaded. 



All connected with the legation of the I'nited 

 well at present moment." The receipt 

 of thi-. me-sige caiiM-d intense excitement 

 iiMiit the I'nited States, fur. though it 

 broke the N.ng suspense, i added to public fury 

 and ai igUfll Mh. l.i Hung Chang 



Was appointed l.nvoy Plenipotentiary to pro 

 ral pm\er- lor the immediate 



cessation ot ho-nle demonstration* < MI 



llth. Peking was caj.tiire.l by the allied 



I'.riti-h. Germans, French. 



-.and .lapaliev,-. The \, 



troops were the first to enter the city, ai 

 victim. The empi : 

 * had fled. The leg it i. .nei > ucre prompt 



and tol.l thrilling xt.,riex QJ 

 and dixtn-ss during the long siege 

 Chine-, '-'h. asked for an ami i tic 



which was refund. Li Hung Chang's appeal 



1 by the Tniled Slate,, : ,i,d China 

 I that the demali.l 



HIM be complied with. At the same 



time General Chaffee was given full power to 

 act. The American refugees from Peking 

 reached Tien-tsin safely on August LMth. 



On November 19th, the negotiations between 

 the allies and the Chinese authorities for terms 

 of peace and comiK-nsation. which were begun 

 when the allies took full possession of 1 

 had progressed so far that the German I: 

 Chancellor in the Reichstag announced that the 

 allies had unanimously agreed upon the follow- 

 ing as their demands upon China: 



J-'irtit. China shall erect a monument to Baron von 

 Ketteler on the site where he was murdered and send an 

 Imperial Prince to Germany to convey an apolo*: 

 shall inflict the death penalty upon eleven princes and 

 officials already named, and suspend provincial exaini- 

 nai ions for five years where the outrages occur: 



Second. In future all officials failing to prevent anti- 

 foreign outrages within their jun-i;. t ...u shall be dis- 

 : and punished. 



Third. Indemnity shall be paid to states, corpora- 

 tions and individuals. The Tsung-li-Yamen shall be 

 abolished and its function." vested in a Foreign Minister. 

 Rational intercourse shall be permitted with the em- 

 ' peror. as in civilized countries. 



Fourth. The forts at Taku and other forts on the 

 coast of Chili shall be raxed, and the importation of 

 arms and war material prohibited. 



f-'iitti. Permanent legation guards shall be main- 

 tained, and also guards of communication between 

 Peking and the sea. 



Sixth. Imperial proclamations shall be posted for 

 two years throughout the empire suppressing Boxers. 



'i. Indemnity is to include compensation for 

 Chinese who suffered by being employed by foreigners, 

 but not compensation for native Christians. 



Eighth. China shall erect expiatory monuments in 

 every foreign or international burial ground where the 

 graves have been profaned. 



\inth. The Chinese Government shall undertake 

 to enter upon negotiations for such changes in 

 treaties regarding trade and navigation ax th 

 governments deem advisable, and with reference to 

 other matters having in view the facilitation of commer- 

 cial relations. 



In December. 1900, the Chinese aut! 

 had accepted all the foregoing conditions im- 

 posed by the allies, and the preliminary note of 

 the demands of the powers was signed by Li 

 Hung Chang ami Prince Ching. Peking was 

 evacuated by the American cavalry and artillery 

 May .-ith. and C.etieral ChatYee embarked for the 

 Philippines May 1st!.. Ti, 

 demanded of China a formal indemnity 

 (Kin. IKK) taels (about $800,000,000), win. 

 agreed to byChina. and tin 

 formall 1 China's offer to pay the sum 



named 00 time at \\ |MT cent, interest. Prince 

 Chun, at Berlin. September Ith. lormally apolo- 

 gi/ed to Lmperor William for the insult to Ger- 

 man honor in the murder ot H.-iron \ 

 On September 17th. the American and lapaneae 

 troops in Peking handed over the Forbidden 

 City to the Chinese. 



Kni/.il. It \\asi.nlyin l.VU that the IWtu- 



gile-e. \<n-\ a- the\ \\rtr III Ili-ll t. In M j IfJlttd 

 r-xt 'settlement. Il, il \Mtll 



Portugal, under the power of Spain, and became 



t,, the Dutch; and. tliou; 

 I it- own independence in loin, it uas 

 not until Hi.M that Itra/il was en tin- ly recovered 

 in.m the Hollanders, h, |so7. the royal family 

 oi Portugal lied to Braiil ; m 1M". the colony 

 was declared M t king-l..- 

 guese Court having n-turn- 

 a national congreaa assembled at Rio de Janeiro, 

 and on Dom Pedro, eldest son of 



' .... VI of Portugal, was chosen 



