HISTORY 



45 



be in rebellion against the United States, and the fact 

 that any State, or the people thereof, shall, on that day, 

 be, in good faith, represented in the Congress <f the 

 United States, by members chosen thereto at elections 

 wherein a majority of the qualified voters of such State 

 shall have participated, shall, in the absence of strong 

 countervailing testimony be deemed conclusive evidence 

 h State and the people thereof are not then in 

 rebellion against the United States. 



herei'ure. 1, Abraham Lincoln, President of the 

 l"nite<l States, by virtue of the power in me yested as 

 Commander-in-chief of the Army and Navy of th- 



,11 time of actual armed rebellion against the 

 authority and Government of the United States, and as 

 a tit and necessary war measure for suppressing said 

 rebellion, do on this first day of January, in the year of 

 our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, 

 and in accordance with my purpose so to do, publicly 

 proclaim for the full period of one hundred days from the 

 ;iie first above-mentioned order, and designate, 

 as the States and parts of States wherein the people 

 respectively are this day in rebellion against tin- 

 States, the following, to-wit : Arkansa.-. 



iie parishes of St. Barnard, Plaque- 



l.-tTerson. St. John. St. Charles, St. James, Ascen- 



-sumption, Terre Bonne, Lafourche, St. M:ny. 



St. Martin, and Orleans, including the City of New 



Orleans), nittiaaippi. Alabama, 1 lorida, Georgia, South 



Carolina. North Carolina, and Virginia (except the forty- 



inties designated as West Virginia, and also the 



rkrli-y. Accomac, Northampton, Elizabeth 



rk. 1'rincess Anne, and Norfolk, including the 



Norfolk and Portsmouth), and which excepted 

 :.-. for the present, left precisely as if this procla- 

 mation were not issued. 



And by virtue of the power and for the purpose afore- 

 said. I da order and declare that all persons held as 

 slaves within said designated States and parts of States 

 : henceforth shall be, free; and that the Execu- 

 vernment of the United States, including the 

 military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize 

 and maintain the freedom of said persons. 



And 1 hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be 

 free to abstain from all violence, unless in necessary self- 

 and I recommend to them that, in all cases, 

 when allowed, they labor faithfully for reasonable wages. 

 And 1 further declare and make known, that such per- 

 sons, of suitable condition, will be received into the 

 -ervice of the United States, to garrison forts, 

 -. stations, and other places, and to man vessels 

 of all sorts in said service. 



Anil upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of 

 warranted by the Constitution, upon military 

 necessity, I invoke tin- considerate judgment of mankind 

 and the gracious favor of Almighty <i<l. 



In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my name, 

 -ed the seal of the United States to be al!i\.-d. 

 1 Done at the City of Washington, this first 

 January, in the year of our Lord one thousand 

 eight hundred and sixty-three, and of the Independence 

 of the United States the eighty-seventh. 



ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 



\S 1 1. I.I AM II. Si SV \KI. 



Secretary of Xtatf. 



England. The history of England proper 



A-ln-n it cea-ed to be a K<mi:i: 



On tin- withdrawal .|' tin- Roman l'm->. about 

 : tin- Fifth Century A. !.. tin- 

 South Britons, or inhabitants of what i> now 

 called Finland, were no longer able to withstand 

 irks of their ferocious northern neighbors, 

 ad I'irts. They applied for MMtanoe 



18, l>ut the Roman general was too niiicli 

 oerupi.-d in the .struirirlr with Attila to attend to 

 their petition. In their distress they appear to 



-light the aid of t h. 



three ships. 



containing l.iiiMi men. wen- di-patched to their 

 help under the eommand of the brothers Heng- 

 est and Ilorsa. Vortigern. a duke 



: them the isle of Thanet 



for habitation, and. marcl. t the HOlth- 



. they obtained a rompl- I '-. 



illlied to the-.,. ,-Vetits by the later Atl-lo- 



Sa\on ehronidi^ U I (' \ |. ti,, i irrati\es 



ig furtlier that tl,. 



land desirable, turned their arms against the 

 Britons, and, reinforced by new bands, conquered 

 first Kent and ultimately the larger part of the 

 island. Whatever the credibility of the story 

 of Vortigern, it is certain that in* the middle of 

 the Fifth Century the occasional Teutonic incur- 

 sions gave place to persistent invasion with a 

 view to settlement. These Teutonic invaders 

 were Low German tribes from the country about 

 the mouths of the Kibe and the \\ eser. the three 



most prominent being the Angles, the Saxons, 

 and the Jutes. Of these, the Jutes were the 

 to form a settlement, taking possession of part of 

 Kent, the Isle of Wight, etc. ; but the larger con- 

 quests of the Saxons in the south and tin- Angles 

 in the north gave to these tribe* the leading ; 

 in the kingdom. The struggle continued l."o 

 years, and at the end of that period the whole 

 southern part of Britain, with the exception of 

 Strathclyde. Wales, ami West Wales fOonm 

 was in the hands of the Teutonic tribes. This 

 conquered territory was divided among a number 

 of small states or petty chieftaincies, seven of 

 the most conspicuous of which are often sp- 

 of as the H</>turchy. These were: (1) The 1\ 

 dom of Kent; founded by Heio-t in 

 ended in 823. (2) Kingdom of Souti - 

 containing Sussex and Surrey; founded by i 

 j in 477 ; ended in 689. (3) Kingdom of East 

 Angles, containing Norfolk, Suffolk. Cambr 

 Fly Ne of); founded by FlYa in :,7 1 Of 

 ended in 7 ( ._ ) . (-1) Kingdom of 

 containing Devon, Dorset, Somerset. Wilt >. 

 Hants, llerks. and part of Cornwall; founded by 

 Cerdic 519; swallowed up the rest in SL'7. (5) 

 Kingdom of Northumbria. containing York. 

 Durham, Cumberland. We>t mop-land. Northum- 

 berland, and the east ' - otland to the 

 Firth of Forth: founded by Ida."l7: absorbed 

 by Wessex in M'7. (6 Kingdom of Mast Saxons, 

 containing Essex, Middlesex. Hertford (p 

 founded by En-hew in "iL'7 : ended in v 

 Kingdom of Merria. containing <.! 

 Hereford, \\orce-ter. Warwick. Leicester. Hut- 

 land. Northampton. Lincoln. Huntingdon. Bed- 

 ford, Buckingham, Oxford. Stafford. IVrbv. 

 Salop, Nottingham. Chester. Hert ford part ; 

 founded by Cridda about .">X4 ; absorbed by Wes- 

 -ex in si'7. Fach state was. in its turn, ant-,' 

 to more ]H>werful neighbors: and at length, in 

 rt. by his valor and sujH-rior rapacity, 

 united in his own person the sovereignly ot what 

 had formerly been seven kingdom-, and the whole 

 came to be railed I. upland, tha 1 latid. 

 While this work of conquest and of intertribal 

 had been in progress towards the ctal>li->h- 

 ment of a united kingdom, certain im|x>rtant 

 changes had occurred. The <on<|iiest had been 

 t he slow expulsion ot a < 'hristian race by 

 heathen race, and the country h.i 



I isolation with regard t. 



rest of Europe. But before the close of the Sixth 

 Century Christ iamty had secured a footing it 



licast of the inland. l.thelU-rht. kinc of 

 Kent and su/.eram o\er tin- ' h of 



the Humber. married a Christian 

 daughter oi ( 'haribert of Soiasona, and this e 



in.li: St. AugU^t 



The 



l.y that of Northumberland and 



