120 



Till \R1> DICTIONARY OF FACTS 



ceded to t 1 States by England and 



bettinc |-:iri i.i the V-rthu<-t Territory in 17s7. 



the successive severance of Ohio in 1800, 



S05, and of Michigan in 1809, 



thwest Territory was 



1 :i> Illinois Territory, then embrac- 



isconsin and part of Minnesota. On De- 



1S1S. Illinois with its present limits 



ted as a State, being the eighth 



adopt. -.1 Constitution. The 



early history was an unlm>ken contot with the 



savages, the most not. t Mr incidents being the 



:<t 15, 1811'. :iu.l 



the Black Hauk War. IviJ to IM I. During 

 the la> ? ury Illinois has had a phenom- 



enal recorti and j.n-.. 



I lira*. A Peruvian Dynasty (1130-1571) 



which succeeded the Ayinara Dynasty, and was 



arm conquered Peru. 



-as called themselves descendants of the 



Inca \va- Manco-Capac, 1130, 



and his successors were Sinchi-Koca. Lloqui- 



Yupan ' 'apac-Yupanqui, Roca 



Yariuar-Huaeac. Viracocha. Pachacutec, Yapan- 



ipae-Yupanqui. Huayna-Capac, Huascar, 

 . -ahualpa (taken prisoners by the Span- 



:id put to death in l.">33). Tupac-Amaru 

 was beheaded in 1 .~>7 1 



I n (I I a. The country was entered and partly 

 subdued by Alexander 'the (Ireat. About 12(5 

 B. C. it was also invaded by the Tartars, or 

 if the Greeks, andSakasof the Hindus. 

 From the Tenth to the Twelfth Century of the 

 Christian era the Mohammedans overran and 

 conquered considerable portions of Hindustan, 



.-equently the Mogul Empire was formed. 



In 1-498, India was fir>t visited by Vasco de 



Gama, and later the Portuguese and Dutch 



established settlements on the peninsula, but 



rrner never acquired more than a paltry 



territory on the we-t coast, and the latter a few 



commercial factories. The French influence in 



India, at one time considerable, also yielded to 



i-erior enterprise of the British, and finally 



nch relinquished the field. In 1625, the 



itrlish settlement was made by a company 

 tfl in a Mnall spot of the Coromandel 

 coast, of five square miles, transferred in 1653 

 to Madras. A short time previous a settlement 

 had also been obtained at Hooghly, which after- 

 ward became the Calcutta station. In 1687, 

 Bombay was erected into a presidency. In 



>y act of the British Legislature, the three 

 provinces were placed under the administration 

 of a governor-general, and Calcutta was made 

 the seat of a supreme court of judicature, the 

 pre-idi-nceis of Madras and Bombay being made 

 subordinate to that of Bengal. Hitherto the 



if India had been managed by the East 

 India Company. l>ut in 1784 a board of control 

 was appointed by the government, the president 

 of which became secretary of state for India. 

 From the year 1750, when the warlike .-icquivi- 

 tion of territory commenced under Lord Clive, 

 a succession of conquests, almost, forced upon 

 the British contrary to their inclinations, 

 have now placed nearly all India under their 

 sway. The Court of Directors of the East 

 India Company have the power of electing 

 the governor-general, subject to the approval 



of the government, and they have also the 

 power of his recall. The company also held 

 the patronage of other appointments till the 

 expiry of the act in 1854; but in 1833 their 

 exclusive right to trade was abolished in favor 

 of free trade. 



In 1858, the direct sovereignty of India, and 

 the powers of government hitherto vested in 

 the Fast Indian Company, were vested in the 

 British Crown. Lord'Canning returned to Eng- 

 land early in 1862, and was succeeded by the 

 Earl of Elgin, who died in 1863. Sir John 

 afterwards Lord) Lawrence was governor-gen- 

 eral from 1863 to 1868, when he was succeeded 

 by the Earl of Mayo, who did much to develop 

 the material resources of the country by remov- 

 ing the restrictions upon trade between the 

 different provinces, and constructing roads, 

 canals, and railways. He was assassinated by 

 a Mohammedan fanatic in the Andaman Islands, 

 February 8, 1872. Lord Northbrook became 

 viceroy in 1872. During his administration a 

 famine in Lower Bengal, successfully obviated 

 by a vast organization of state relief (1874), 

 the dethronement of the Gaekwdr of Baroda 

 for disloyalty (1875), and the tour of the Prince 

 of Wales through India (1875-76), were the 

 chief events. In 1876, Lord Lytton was ap- 

 pointed viceroy, and on January 1, 1877, Queen 

 Victoria was proclaimed Empress of India at 

 Delhi. In 1877-78, another disastrous famine 

 occurred, and despite the most strenuous efforts 

 of the government over five million persons are 

 said to have perished. In 1878, the intrigues of 

 Shir Ali, amir of Afghanistan, with Russia, led 

 to a declaration of war on the part of the British. 

 After two campaigns Abdurrahman Khan was 

 established on the Afghan throne by British 

 arms. In 1880, Lord Ripon succeeded as vice- 

 roy; being followed in 1884 by Lord Dufferin, 

 who annexed Upper Burmah, 1888. Marquis 

 of Lansdowne, 1888. Hon. Geo. N. Curzon, of 

 Salisbury's Cabinet, was appointed Viceroy, 

 1898, and in August, 1905, was succeeded by 

 Lord Minto. In 1906, the twenty-second Indian 

 National Congress was held at Calcutta for the 

 purpose of discussing the political wants of all 

 races, religions, and provinces of India 



Indiana. Originally settled by the French 

 at Vincennes in 1702, but little is known of its 

 early history. In 1763, it became a British pos- 

 session, and in 1783, by treaty with Great 

 Britain, it became part of the United States. 

 In 1789, it was made part of the Northwest 

 Territory, this term being applied to all the 

 public domain north of the Ohio River. This 

 region was much devastated from 1788 to 1791 

 by the Indians, but their defeat in the latter 

 year gave the settlers peace for a time. Indiana 

 was organized territorially July 4, 1800. In 

 1811, an Indian war, instigated by Tecumseh, 

 broke out, but the power of the savages was 

 broken at Tippecanoe. Hostilities did not en- 

 tirely cease till 1815. The State was admitted 

 December 11, 1816. In 1827, the Erie Canal 

 opened an outlet for the produce of the West, 

 and the national road was commenced. These 

 stimulated immigration, and the new State grew 

 rapidly. A new constitution was adopted in 

 1 S."> 1 , calculated especially to promote great 



