HISTORY 



131 



of the Americans was 743 men; that of the Brit- 

 ish 878 men. 



Lutzen, a small town in the Prussian prov- 

 ince of Saxony, famous for two great battles 

 fought in its vicinity. The first, a brilliant 

 victory of the Swedes in the Thirty Years' War, 

 took place November 16, 1632. The battle on 

 May 2, 1813, was fought somewhat farther to 

 the south, at the village of Grosgoschen. It was 

 the first great conflict of the united Russian and 

 Prussian army with the army of Napoleon in 

 that decisive campaign; and the French were 

 left in possession of the field. 



Maine. Various but unsuccessful attempts 

 at colonization in Maine were made between 

 the years 1602 and 1620 by both the French and 

 English. In 1620, Sir Ferdinando Gorges, as 

 head of the Plymouth Company, received a 

 patent of all the region between 40 and 48 

 north latitude. In consequence of disputes 

 afterward with the Massachusetts Colony, the 

 company was dissolved, and in 1639 Gorges 

 received a formal charter of the region between 

 the Piscataqua and Kennebec, under the title 

 of Maine. Internecine quarrels between the 

 different settlements, on points of jurisdiction, 

 caused the Massachusetts Colony in 1651 to set 

 up a claim to the province under her charter, 

 and parliament sanctioned it. In 1677, all 

 claims of other grantees were purchased. From 

 this time the history of the province was prac- 

 tically merged in that of Massachusetts. The 

 final separation occurred in 1820, when Maine 

 was admitted to the Union, being the tenth 

 under the constitution. In 1842, the boundary 

 dispute between Maine and Great Britain was 

 settled. The "Maine Liquor Law" was passed 

 in 1851. It was repealed in 1856 and passed 

 again in 1858, being made a part of the Con-ti- 

 t ut ion in 1884. The death penalty was abol- 

 ished in 1876, restored in 1883, and again abol- 

 1 in 1887. The growth of the wood-pulp 

 and paper-mill industry began about is.xo. and 

 in 1890 there was a rapid development of the 

 lumber, granite, ice, and fishery trades. In 

 1879-80 occurred a notable contest for the 

 governorship between the Republicans and 

 Fu-ionists. 



Mamelukes (m&m'a-lookz). Originally, 

 male slaves imported from Circassia into Egypt 

 by the rulers of that country. They were in- 

 structed in military exercises, but soon exhibited 

 a spirit of insubordination, assassinating the 

 Sultan. Turan Shah. and. in 1258, appointing 

 Ibegh, one of their own number. Sult.i 

 Egypt. They were at length conquered by 

 n I . . and Cairo, their capital, was taken by 

 storm, after they governed Egypt 263 years. 



During the French inva-ion of Egypt by Napo- 

 l-oi, I the MiM.-l :;}. t*< timed a fine body of 

 cavalry, and for a time seriously anno- 



TB, though many a:~ -ineil them. 



In 1811. Mehem, -t Ali annihilated their power 

 by treaeheroii-ly in\ idling and destroying 470 

 of their chief lea 



Manila Bay, Battle of. A remarkable 

 engagement between the American Asiatic 

 squadron, under command of Commodore George 

 Dewey, and a Spanish naval force. iind< 

 mand of Admiral Montojo, supported by land 



batteries, fought on May 1, 1898. When it 

 became evident, in March, 1898, that war be- 

 tween the United States and Spain was inevit- 

 able, Commodore Dewey began to mobilize his 

 vessels in the harbor of Hong Kong preparatory 

 to striking a blow at the Philippine Islands on 

 the breaking out of hostilities. By April 1st, 

 he had gathered there his flagship, the "Olym- 

 pia," a steel protected cruiser; the "Boston," 

 a partially protected steel cruiser; the "Raleigh," 

 protected steel cruiser; the "Concord," steel 

 gunboat; and the "Petrel," steel gunboat. 

 Toward the close of the month, the "Baltimore," 

 a steel protected cruiser the " Hugh McCulloch," 

 revenue cutter, and two newly-purchased ships 

 loaded with coal and other supplies, joined tne 

 fleet. Lying in Manila Bay, one of the largest 

 and most important in the world, was a Spanish 

 squadron, comprising, the "Reina Christina," 

 steel cruiser; "Castilla," wood cruiser; "Ve- 

 lasco," iron cruiser; "Don Antonio de Ulloa," 

 iron* cruiser; "Don Juan de Austria," iron 

 cruiser; "Isla de Cuba," steel protected cruiser; 

 "Isla de Luzon," steel protected cruiser; "Gen- 

 eral Lezo," gunboat; "El Cano," gunboat; 

 "Isla de Mindanao," auxiliary cruiser; "Mar- 

 ques del Duero"; and two torpedo boats. It 

 was supposed that the harbor had been planted 

 with mines and torpedoes and supplied with 

 numerous searchlights, and that tne forts on 

 the shore had been strengthened in anticipation 

 of an attack. 



The United States squadron entered the bay 

 on the night of April 30th, and at 5 o'clock on 

 Sunday morning, May 1st, opened fire on the 

 Spanish squadron and the forts. Two engage- 

 ments were fought, and during the brief interval 

 the United States squadron drew off to the east 

 side of the bay to enable officers and men to 

 get their breakfast. The entire battle lasted 

 less than two hours. The Spanish flagship, 

 "Reina Christina. \\as completely burned; the 

 "Castilla" suffered the same fate; the "Don 

 Juan de Austria " was blown up by a shell from 

 one of the United States vessels; one or more 

 ships were burned; and the entire Spanish fleet 

 was destroyed. After his second attack . in 

 which he destroyed the water battery at Cavite, 

 Commodore Dewey anchored off the city of 

 Manila and sent word to tlio governor-general 

 that if a shot was fired from the city at the fleet, 

 he would lay Manila in ashes. The Spanish los 

 was about 2,000 oiheers and men. The United 

 States squadron did not lose a ship or a mm. 



| TWO ve--eU \\ere damaged ill their Upper Works, 

 and right men \\ere variously injured. 



Maryland. One of the original thirteen 



States, it was named after the mother of Charles 



e State was settled by Lord Baltimore 



rant from Charles II. Puritan 



and Virginian colonies disputed the authority 



of the proprietar r >. ;nd it was not till 



1711. after many l-i.-iK :uid considerable blood- 



shed. extending oxer three j uarters of a ccnturv, 

 that the rights,, i theCalvert family were finally 

 settled. Ill Hi.. the AssrmMy passed ED ECt 



Qfl <! all sects the public CXCr- 

 cise of ii. Baltimore was founded in 



mifi boundary was adjusted in 

 1668, that of Dela Ivania, 



