HISTORY 



135 





State October 31, 1864. In 1866, a third portion 

 of Utah was added, extending the east boundary 

 to the 114th meridian, and at the same time 

 the portion of the State south of the 37th 

 parallel was added from Arizona. The earliest 

 settlements were made by the Mormons in 1848. 

 Gold was discovered in 1849; but the rapid 

 advance in population dates from the discovery 

 of silver in 1859. Among the earliest discover- 



- that of the world-renowned Comstock 

 lode. In 1906-07 rich discoveries of gold were 

 made at Goldfields and other points. The State 



ie twenty-fifth admitted under the Con- 

 stitution. 



New Hampshire. One of the thirteen 

 original States, the first settlements were made 

 within the limits of New Hampshire at Dover 

 and Portsmouth in 1623. The district was 

 annexed to Massachusetts in 1641, became a 

 royal province in 1679, and was again annexed 

 to Massachusetts in 1689. It became a separate 

 province in 1741 and remained so till the ^Revo- 

 lution. Indian atrocities were frequent till the 

 English conquered Canada. It was supposed 

 till 1764 that the present State of Vermont was 

 included in the province. The territory, how- 

 ever, was claimed by New York; the contro- 

 lasted till the independence of Vermont 

 was acknowledged in 1790. In 1776, New Hamp- 

 shire declared its independence and established 

 a temporary government of its own. It took 

 an active part in the Revolutionary War. and 

 the battle of Bennington was fought within its 

 limits. The Constitution of the United States 

 was ratified in 1788. During the Civil War 

 New Hampshire furnished 34,606 men to the 

 TII ion cause. 



New Jersey. The State of New Jersey, 

 one of the thirteen original States, was originally 

 a part of New York, and was first settled about 

 Hiiio by the Dutch. A patent granted by 

 Charles II. of England, to his brother, the Duke 

 of York, in 1664, gave the latter a claim on all 

 the country between tho Delaware and Con- 

 necticut rivers. An expedition under Colonel 

 Nicolls conquered the whole territory. The 

 portion of the province now named New Jersey 

 received its name from Sir George Carteret, to 

 whom the Duke of York had sold his claim, in 

 memory of the Ma in I of Jersey of which the 

 former had been L r "vernor. A constitution was 

 forme. 1 for it in 1665 as a separate colony. In 

 1776, a State constitution wa- formed, and dur- 

 ing the Revolution the battles of Trenton. 

 Princeton Mill-tone. Ued Hank, and Monmouth 

 were fought within the State limits. | i 

 eral Const it ut ion was ratified December Is. 17x7. 

 the State capital established at Trenton in 17'.o. 

 and the present constitution Augu-t I. 'I. ISM. 

 The State furni-hed 7!.."> I 1 fully equipped troops 



to the Union army and navy during the Civil 



New York. Tin- Hay of New York and 



the river emptying into it were rxplnn-.l by 



Hendrik Hudson -ator in the employ- 



"f the Dutch Ka-t India Company, in 



September, 1609. In 1611. the Dutch 



settlements on Manhattan Mand. and the name 



therland was extruded to all the uncon- 

 quered regions lying between Virginia ai 



ada. Seven years later the Dutch West India 

 Company was incorporated and took possession. 

 In 1023, settlements were made at Albany and 

 on Long Island, and in 1626, Peter Minuit, the 

 I Director-General, bought Manhattan Island of 

 I the Indians. In 1629, the company passed the 

 act under which the manorial monopolies in 

 land were established. In spite of Inclian wars 

 i the colony grew so fast that it came in collision 

 I with the English on the Connecticut and the 

 ! Swedes on tne Delaware River. The claims 

 made by the English to New Netherland on the 

 score of Cabot's prior discovery were finally 

 enforced in the charter granted oy Charles II. 

 to the Duke of York, and the armed expedition 

 of Colonel Nicolls in 1664. The Dutch under 

 Governor Stuyvesant surrendered, and New 

 Netherland became New York, though the Dutch 

 reconquered and held the province for a short 

 period, before English rule became permanent. 

 The tyranny exercised over the province by 

 Francis Nicholson, the lieutenant of Andros, 

 who had been appointed to be governor, caused 

 the revolt in 1689 headed by Jacob Leisler, 

 which was at first successful, though Leisler was 

 two years later executed for treason. In 1687 

 bewail the series of French and Indian wars in 

 which the New York colonists bore so important 

 a part. The first of these closed in 1697, with 

 the Peace of Ryswick. The second, or Queen 

 Anne's War, lasted from 1702 to 1713. The 

 most important act in this long conflict between 

 the French and English for the sovereignty of 

 North America, and the end of the historic 

 drama, began in 1754. The contest lasted with 

 varying fortunes until the French were finally 

 driven from their line of fortresses on the lake 

 and the war was ended by General Wolfe's expe- 

 dition, which resulted in the capture of Quebec 

 and the final overthrow of French p.. 

 Canada in 1759. The province of New York 

 entered zealously into the Revolutionary cau-e. 

 though it contained a large loyalist faction. 

 Many of the most important military operations 

 were conducted within its limits. The two lead- 

 ing battles fought were that of Long Island on 

 August L'7. 177t'. whereby the British secured 

 and held possession of New York City till the 

 end of the war; and the battle of Saratoga, on 

 October 17. 1777. which occasioned the surrender 

 of General Burgoy tie's army. On Novemb. 



', York was evacuated by the British. 

 In 17'.><>. the eonllirtinsr claims ,,f .\Y\v York and 

 New Hampshire were settled by the erection of 

 the disputed territory into the State of Vermont. 



Ill 17!7. Albany was made the capital of the 

 State, and -lavrry was abolished in 1M7. Dur- 

 ing the W:ir of |'x 11! the more notable incidents 

 within State limit- \\ere the battle of I.undy's 

 ;he Niagara frontier, fought by General 



\\inheid tnmodore McDono 



I the British on Lake Champhm. 

 both in lsi.{. The 1 irie Canal, originally pro- 



d in 1SOO, was through I >e \\itt Clint 



influence, eompleied in 1825. During the Ci\il 



furnished 455,568 Union troops. 



Nonconformist^ In Kngli-h history, 



\\ho declined to conform their worship to 



thai iMaMish. "f '" 



kinds: lir t. those who, being religious, wor- 



