HISTORY 



153 



of all the Chinese troops there to the Russian j back to Port Arthur and the rest dispersed with 

 oMt^-itioc. This occupation was to end in ! the death of Admiral W it hoft, August 10, 1904; 

 5, and the delay in the withdrawal of Vladivostok squadron defeated by Admiral 

 oops led to open hostilities between Kamimura ("Rurik" sunk), August 14, 1904- 



three years 

 Russian troops 



ia and Japan in 1894. 



(See Russo-Jaanese 



War.) During 1905-06, Ru-sia was much per- 

 turbed by internal and insurrectionary disturb- 

 In October of !!)()."> the C/ar issued a 

 manifesto, assuring civil liberty, freedom of the 

 extension of the suffrage, and limited 

 representative government. A continual .strug- 

 gle has existed between the Imperial Govern- 

 ment and the Duma since that time as to how 

 this manifesto should be interpreted, and 

 what extent it should be made operative. 



Russo-Japanese War. A war between 

 Russia and Japan, waged in Manchuria (190 \ -<)."> . 

 The chief cause of the war was the occupation 

 (continued notwithstanding repeated promises 



.LJ i i >j.u_ T> ' r\ _ i\ <! 



to 



battle of Liao-yang, resulting in the success of 

 the Japanese under Oyama, the Russians retir- 

 ing upon Mukden, August 27-September 4, 1904; 

 battle of the Shaho, in which the Russian attack 

 was repulsed, October 9-14, 1904; the Halt it- 

 fleet under Rozhestvensky sailed for 1 1 

 East, October, 1904, and attacked the Hull fish- 

 ing fleet on the Doggerbank, on the night of 

 October 21-22, 1904; Port Arthur surrendered. 

 January 1, 1905; Russians crossed the Hun 

 River and attacked the Japanese at Haikautai, 

 but were repulsed January 25-29, 1905; battle 

 of Mukden, resulting in the complete defeat of 

 Kuropatkin and the capture of the city, Feb- 

 ruary 19-March 10, 1905; Kuropatkin relieved 



of withdrawal by 'the Russian Government) of I of his command and succeeded by Linievitch. 



Manchuria by Russia after the Boxer uprising March 16, 1905; the Baltic fleet reached Kam- 



of 1899-1900, with the 



consequent enuanger- 

 n lent of the Japanese preponderance in Corea, 

 which was regarded by Japan as essential to her 



ranh Bay, April 12, 1905; battle of the Sea of 

 Japan and the annihilation of the Baltic fleet by 

 Admiral Togo, May 27-28, 1905; President 



safety. An earlier cause of irritation was the Roosevelt urged the Russian and Japanese Gov- 

 action of Russia, Germany, and France in pre- ernments to negotiate for peace, June 8, 1905; 

 venting the retention by Japan of Port Arthur plenipotentiaries met at Portsmouth, New Hamp- 

 and the Liao-tung peninsula after the Chinese- I shire, August 9, 1905; treaty of peace signed, 

 .Japanese War of 1VU ( .l.~>, and the subsequent ! September 5, 1905. 

 lea-ing of this territory from China by Russia. 

 The principal events of the war were the follow- 



ing: rupture of diplomatic relations with Russia 

 by Japan, February 6, 190-1 : attack by torpedo- 

 boats of the Japanese fleet under Admiral Togo 

 upon the Russian squadron under Admiral 

 Stark at Port Arthur, February 8, 1904; general 

 attack by the Japanese fleet, February 9. l'.ui : 

 these two attacks resulting in great injury to 

 the Russians; naval fight off Chemulpo, result- 

 ing in the destruction of the Russian cruiser 

 " Variag" and the gunboat "Korietz," February 

 9, 1904; war declared by Japan, February 10, 

 1904; Admiral Makaroff succeeded Admiral 

 Stark, February 17, 1904; General Kuropatkin 

 appoint ed RII ian eommander-in-chief in Man- 

 churia. February I' 1. 11)01: agreement bet ween 

 Japan and Corea signed at Seiil. February 23, 

 I'M) I; Vladivostok bombarded by Admiral 

 Kamimura. March i. I'.Hil; |',, r t Arthur bom- 

 barded, Marcli LM-L'li. 11)01: \\iju occupied by 

 the Japanese, April '. 7. l ( .n>|; destruction of 

 the Russian battle-ship " I'etropavlovk " by a 

 mine and death of Admiral Makaroff, April 13. 

 iJu ian Vladivostok squadron appeared 

 i April L'.'i. MM)}; defeat of the Rus- 

 sians under Sassulitch by the Japanese 1 -\\^\ 

 Army under Kuroki. May 1. 11)01; the entrance 

 to Port Arthur blocked for battle ships and 



3, 1901; Japanese bar 

 k by a mine. May 1.". 

 Japanese victory at Kill ehaii capture ,. 



-hail llill>. May 27-28. IDOI: occupation of 

 I >alny by the Japanese, M. Mini: Rus- 



sians defeated at Telissu ; md \\afanirkau. June 



I 1 I.V I'.Mil . UB IK fill m fleet 



from IWt Arthur. June _'.;. MII|; m\ . t meiit of 



preliminary fit'liting). 



July 81, I'.'oi Januarj i. im. ,,t the 



Port Arthur Heel. re>ulling in a sea battle, m 

 which most of the Russian vessels were driven 



Crusers, May 



Sabines. An ancient people of Italy, sup- 

 posed to have been named from "Sabus," one 

 of their deities. Little is known of their history. 

 They were at war with the Romans at a very 

 early period. A contest broke out In 

 them 504 B. C., and a body of the Sabines mi- 

 grated to Rome, where they were welcomed, 

 and founded the powerful family and tribe of 

 Claudii. The Sabines carried their ravages to 

 the very gates of Rome, 469 B. . On their 

 defeat by Marcus Horatius. 1 11) B. ('.. their camp 

 was found full of plunder obtained in the Roman 

 territories. They were again at war with the 

 Romans, 290 B. C., and having l>een vanquished. 

 many of them were sold as slaves. The remain- 

 ing citizens were admitted to the Roman 

 franchise. 



St. Bartholomew, Massacre of, a 

 massacre of the Huguenots which took place in 

 Paris, France, beginning on the night of AugiM 



st. Bartholomew*! n..> . i:,:j. A large 



number of prominent Huguenots had been 

 invited to the royal palace to participate in the 

 wedding festivities <>f Henry of Navarre. \\ lule 

 these guests were in the 



tered without mercy, am 



pa 

 i at 



lace they were 

 a signal the massacre 



quickly spread over the city. The anti Hugue- 

 not leaders wen' Charles IX.. the l^ueen-mot her 

 Catharine de Medici, and the Duke .of Guise. 

 The massacre : and about 



30.000 lives were lost. A reliLMous war followed. 



8all< . or salh|iii l.au. The (aW-lk). 



An ancient fundamental law of the Rijwarian 



u hie 1 1 excluded females from in fieri ting 



nch throne I' < upponed to have been 



established by Pharainond or Clovi*. and to 



have derived it- name ft,, in the Rl\ei Sa.ile m 

 S.ixony. \\henee thnsr l-'ralik- otlL'llialK 



of law was revised and reconstituted 

 to it " no portion of 



by 



. 

 Salic land can fall to females;" but what was 



