HISTORY 165 



over certain parts of the Spanish dominions. 1731. ancient Troy at the head of the plain bounded 



treaty of alliance between Germany. Great Britain, and L .1 .-.^"l.-. -;,, A _ \f^U . ^.^^^x i * K 



Holland, by which the Pragmatic Sanction was granted. b 7 t " e modern nyer Mendereh supposed to be 



and the Spanish succession settled. 1738, treaty of the ocamander of Homer, and the Dombrek, 



peace between Germany and France; Loraine ceded to probably the Homeric Simois. The Ilium of 



France, and r ranee guaranteed the Pragmatic sanction. t,; *~_, ,. TOO f rt n>/J^ri U^..* Tru\ u r K a? i- 



1809, treaty of peace between Napoleon and Francis I. history was founded about 700 B. C. by ^EollC 



of Austria. Austria ceded to France the Illyrian Proy- Greeks, and was regarded as occupying the site 



inces. 1815, treaty between Great Britain. Austria, o f the ancient city, but this is doubtful; it 



Ku-sia, and Prussia, confirming the treatv of Chaumont. _,..._ iv-ww^.^ _ ', e u 



I -> I -,. treaty between the Low Countries, and Great 5,f ver became a place of much importance. 



Britain. Russia, Austria, and Prussia, agreeing to the I he ancient and legendary city, according to 



enlargement of the Dutch territories and vesting the the Homeric story, reached its highest splen- 



sovereignty m the house of Orange. 1815, Federative . , Priam was kimr- but the abduct iiv 



union of Germany signed. K'"g, DU* ' e aDQUCtlon 



Warsaw. 1683, alliance between Austria and Poland of Helen, Wife of Menelaus, King of Sparta, by 



against Turkey, in pursuance of which John Sobieski Paris, one of Priam's SOUS brought about its 



SI^RuSriS&felaSr ofVienna - ^^ ire&t y destruction. To revenge this outrage, all the 



Washington, 1842, Ashburton treaty defined the Greek chiefs afterwards famous in history, 



northwestern boundary between the United States and banded themselves against the Trojans and 



Washington, 1871, between Great Britain and the Jl heir al j[ 8 ' * nd **nt against Troy with a great 



Unite*! States to adjust the Alabama claims. fleet. The first nine years of the war were spent 



Westphalia, 1648, treaty of peace between France, by the Greeks in driving the Trojans and their 



any, and Sweden, termmatmg the Thirty Years' Jfa within the waUs of * he ^ The u>n(h 



Worms, Concordat of. 1122, between the Emperor year brought about a quarrel between Achilles, 



and the Pope, closed the long strife called the War of the bravest of the Greeks, and Agamemnon, 



n WormsTDlct of, 1521, imperial conclave before J he Greek commander-in-chief, which proved 



whom Luther was summoned and presented. for a time disastrous to their party, and which 



and U F r ran h ce ISPsaiSSS? the dispute between A^ria forms the subject of the Iliad. In the end, the 



city 



Tribune (tribunus), in Roman antiquity, horse, in which a number of the bravest of the 



originally an officer connected with a tribe, or Greek heroes concealed themselves, while the 



who represented a tribe for certain purposes; rest retired to their ships. Thinking that the 



dally, an officer or magistrate cnosen by Greeks had given up the siege, the Trojans in- 



the people to protect them from the oppression cautiously drew the horse within the city, and 



of the patricians or nobles, and to defend their gave themselves up to revelry. The Greeks 



liberties against any attempts that might be within the horse issued from their concealment. 



made upon them by the senate and consuls, and being joined by their companions without 



-< magistrates were at first two, but their the walls, Troy was taken and utterly destroyed. 



number was increased to five, and ultimately This is said to have occurred about 1184 I 



to ten. This last number appears to have re- Not only has the site of the ancient city been 



mained unaltered, down to the end of the em- disputed, but the legends connected with it are 



pire. There were also military tribunes, officers held by some scholars to have no historical 



of the army, each of whom commanded a division foundation; nor has this view been altered by 



or legion, and also other officers called tribunes; the excavations of Schliemann, and his dis- 



ibunes of the treasury, of the horse, etc. covery of the remains of a prehistoric city or 



Triumvirate, a coalition of three men cities at Hissarlik, the site of the historic Ilium. 



in office or authority; specifically applied to Tudor, the name of one of the royal families 



ureat coalitions of the three most powerful of England allied to the race of Plantagenets. 



individuals in the Roman Empire for the time The line embraced five sovereigns, and com- 



.^. The first of these was effected in the menced in 1485 with Henry Tudor. Earl of 



year 60 B. C., between Julius Caesar, Pompey, Richmond, the grandson by his wife, of Sir 



and Crassus, who pledged themselves to support Owen Tudor, a Welsh knight of distinction, the 



each other with all their influence. This coali- widow of Henry V., and who, after the hat tie 



t ion was broken by the fall of Crassus at Carrhae of Bpsworth Field was proclaimed king by 



in Mesopotamia; soon after wlm -h the civil war the title of Henry VII. From him the crown 



I >n>ke out. which ended in the death of Pompey, descended to his son Henry VIII., whose son 



staUi-hinent of Julius Caesar as perpetual Edward VI. succeeded, ana after him his two 



dictator. After his murder, 44 B. C., the civil sifters, Mary and Kli/aheth: t he Tudor dynasty 



war again broke out; and alter the battle of expiring with the death of the latter in 1603, 



Mutina, 43 B. C., Antony, Octavius, and Lepidus when the house of Stuart succeeded. 

 coalesced, thus forming the second triumvirate. | Tuilerles (twtfU-riz), the residence of the 



divided the provinces of the empire; French monarcns; on the right bank ot 



Octavius taking the West, Lepidus, Italy, and Seine, in Paris. Catharine do Medici. wif< 



MV. the East. Henry II. I.e^an the bufldfaf (l."t-J ll.nry 



Tn\. or Ilium (Greek, Troia or //ion), IV. extended it. and founded the old c.ill.rv 

 indent city in the Tn.ad. ' territory in the! (1600); and ,1V. enlau 564). 



.. ' ,. . 



northwest of Asia Minor, south of the western I and completed that gallery. The side to^ 



niity of the H.-lle>|>ont. rendered famous the Louvre consisted of five pavilion-, and four 



1>> Homer's epic of the Iliad. The n-uion is for ranges of buildings the other side had 



the most pun mountainous, hemu intersected three pavilions. During the revolution of 



I'v Mount Ida and its brand,.-. There have the palace waa sacked. It was restored by 



MIS opinion, reiranlinu' the site of the Louis Philippe to it* former splendor, l>ut in 



H.. m. TIC dty. the most probable of which place, IMS it was again pillaged. The Tuileries then 



