HISTORY 175 



wounded. About the beginning of June, Lee General Price with a considerable force made a 

 again assumed the offensive. The main body of raid through Missouri. In Virginia, General 

 the Confederate army crossed the Potomac above Grant, who had received the chief command of 

 Harper's Ferry, June 24th-25th, and march- the Union armies, began on May 4th to cross the 

 intr across Maryland entered Pennsylvania. Rapidan and advance into the "Wilderness." 

 Hooker moved north, so as to cover Washington, Here (May 5th and 6th) and at Spottsylvania 

 and on the 26th crossed the Potomac about half Court House near by (May 8th-21st) followed a 

 between Washington and Harper's Ferry, series of sanguinary engagements, which baffled 

 ( to the L'sth he was succeeded by General Meade. the direct advance. Grant then advanced by a 

 The latter advanced into Pennsylvania, and on succession of flank movements to the Chicka- 

 July M. 2d, and 3d the two armies met in the hominy, where, on June 3d, he suffered a dis- 

 great battle of Gettysburg, which ended in the astrous check in the second battle of Cold Har- 

 mfiture of the Confederate army. On the bor. On the 12th, having determined to attack 

 4th. Lee began his retreat, and on tne 13th re- Richmond from the south, he began to move, 



-ed the Potomac. Meade crossed on the crossing the Chickahominy below Lee's position, 

 IMh, and reached Warrenton on the 25th, and effecting the passage of the James, June 

 where he was soon confronted by Lee on the 14th-15th. Lee thereupon retired within the in- 

 other >ide of the Rappahannock. In the west trenchments covering Richmond. On the 15th 

 important operations had taken place under and 16th a part of tne Union forces unsuccess- 

 Generals Grant and Sherman against Vicksburg. fully assailed Petersburg, and on the 19th Grant 

 pressed, on July 3d, General Pember- began a regular siege. An invasion of Mary- 

 ton surrendered that Confederate stronghold, land under General Early in July, which threat- 

 wit h JT.OOO men, to General Grant, who, on the ened Washington, failed, and led to operations 

 4th. occupied the city. The result of this cam- in the Shenandoah Valley, in which General 

 paign rent the Confederacy in twain, and de- Sheridan nearly destroyed Early's forces at 

 cided its fate. Port Hudson, La., on the Mis- Winchester. On May 5, 1864, General W. T. 



.>p\, surrendered after a siege to General Sherman started from Chattanooga on his cam- 

 Hank-. July 8th. Rosecrans remained auietly paign against Atlanta, in which he was ably 



lurfreesboro till June 23, 1863, when ne ad- opposed by Johnston, and vainly assailed by 

 va need, forcing Bragg to retreat to Chattanooga, his successor in command, General Hood. At- 

 which was occupied by a detachment on Sep- lanta was evacuated by the Confederates on 

 temher 9th, Bragg retiring into Georgia and September 1st. Near the middle of November 

 posting his troops in the vicinity of Chicka- he started for the coast. Marching through the 

 manga Creek, east of Trenton. Here, Septem- heart of Georgia without opposition, he reached 

 ber 19th and 20th, occurred a severe engage- the vicinity of Savannah, capturing Fort Me 

 ment, in which the Federals were worsted and Allister December 13th, and occupying the city 

 fell back to Chattanooga, where they were be- December 21st. On December 15th and 16th, 

 1 by Bragg. On October 23d, General Grant Hood, who had marched north with his army, 

 arrived and took command. A series of move- suffered a bloody repulse before Nashville by 

 ments was at once initiated, which resulted in Thomas. An attempt in December, by a fleet 

 driving Bragg from Chattanooga (November under Admiral Porter and a land force under 

 _'.") h) and forcing him to retreat into Georgia. General Butler, to reduce Fort Fisher at the 

 An army under General Burnside, which had mouth of Cape Fear River, commanding the 

 occupied Knoxville, and was besieged there by approach to Wilmington, N. C., failed; but on 

 Longstreet, was relieved at the beginning of January 15, 1865, it was carried by an assault 

 December. All Tennessee was now recovered, under General Terry, aided by the fleet. The 

 In Arkansas, General Steele had captured Little Federal forces occupied Wilmington on February 

 Rock, September loth. Fort Wagner, on Mor- 22d. The siege of Petersburg and Richmond 

 land at the entrance of Charleston Harbor, continued till April 3. IM'I.V \\hen. after Lee's 

 after vigorously repelling a heavy assault, had defeat at Five Forks (March .'ilst. April M t. 

 about the same time been reduced by a regular those places were occupied by the Federals, hav- 

 siege under General Gillmore. On April l^o. in^ been evacuated by Lee during the preceding 

 I M'' I, Plymouth, N. C., was compelled to sur- night. Grant vigorously pursued the retreating 

 render to a Confederate force under General army, and at Anpomattox Court House, on the 

 Hoke, and as a consequence Washington, N. C., 9th, compelled Lee to surrender the remnant of 



< vacuated by the I-. _rht days later hi- forces, about 27,000 in all, an event which 



1 'ctober 31st, Plymouth was retaken by the virtually terminated the war. < *\\ February M. 



ral fleet. On April 12th Fort Pillow, on C.eneral Sherman started from Savannah on a 



the Mississippi about forty miles above Mem northward movement through the Carol inaa, 



phis was taken by assault by the Confederates and reached Columbia on the 17th. General 



under General Forrest, and many of its colored Hardee, being thus taken in the rear, evacuated 



nden were killed after the capture. In Charleston \\hieh was occupied by a dct 

 .~t, Forts (iaines and Morgan, commanding ment of General (lillmore's forces on the IMh. 



n trance to Mobile Bay, were reduced by a and the same day the national flag was raised 

 under Admiral Farragut, aided by a land .\er Fort Sumter. Sherman reached Favette- 

 force under General Granger, and the Confed- ville, N. C., on March IL'th. n n the I'.iih the 

 erate fleet there waa destroyed. West of the left wing under Slocum encountered the ' 



--ippi. the most important movement rate army under General Johnston at Hen 



IM.I MU Hank's disastrous Red Kiver eampaiirn tonville. repelled several assaults, and on the 

 in the early spring. In September and October JM. being reinforced, compelled it to retreat 



