HISTORY 177 



Itth amendment was proclaimed on July 28, of Ohio for president, and William A. Wheeler 

 8. In February, 1869, a joint resolution of New York for vice-president. The National 

 proposing the loth amendment to the Consti- Democratic Convention, which assembled at 

 tution, prohibiting the denial or abridgement St. Louis on' June 27th, nominated Samuel J. 

 by any Slate of the Union of the right to vote Tilden of New York for president, and Thomas 

 on account of color or previous condition of A. Hendricks of Indiana for vice-president, 

 servitude, was passed. The difference between Hayes and Wheeler, although they received a 

 President Johnson and Congress on the question minority of the popular vote, were declared by 

 of reconstruction led to his separation from the a special commission, whose report was adopted 

 Republican party, and to the passage on March by Congress in joint convention, to have been 

 L'. 1867, over his veto, of the "tenure of office" elected oy a majority of one in the electoral 



vhich took from the President the power colleges. 



to remove, without the consent of the Senate, In 1876, the Centennial Exposition was held 

 such civil officers as are appointed by the Presi- in Philadelphia, in celebration of the one hun- 

 dent with the consent of the Senate. His at- dredth year of American independence. The 

 tempt to remove Mr. Stanton, secretary of war, exhibitors, from all parts of the world, numbered 

 notwithstanding the act, led to his impeach- j 30,865. The buildings were of the grandest 

 ment, a resolution to that effect passing the description, exceeding any that had Tiitherto 

 House of Representatives February 24, 1868. | been conceived for the purpose of an interna- 

 He was tried before the Senate and acauitted in tional exposition. After a presidency of two 

 May, there being a majority against nim, but | terms Qeneral Grant was succeeded by Ruthford 

 not the necessary two-thirds vote. In 1867, B. Hayes, whose election was granted by an 

 Alaska was purchased of Russia. The National electoral commission formed by patriotic com- 

 Renublican Convention assembled at Chicago promise. At the following election (1880) the 

 on May 21, 1868, and nominated General Ulysses Republicans elected General Garfield, who was 

 -rant for president, and for vice-president j shot by Charles J. Guiteau, July 2, 1881, at the 

 SchuylerColfax of Indiana. The National Dem- j Baltimore and Potomac depot, Washington, 

 ocratic Convention assembled at New York on > D. C. t and died September 19, 1881. Mr. Arthur, 

 July 4th, and nominated Horatio Seymour of the vice-president, became president. In 1885, 

 York for president, and Francis P. Blair, Grover Cleveland, the first Democrat holding 

 .Jr.. of Missouri, for vice-president. The elec- the office since 1861, succeeded as president. 

 tion took place on November 3d, Virginia, The Anti-polygamy Bill, virtually disfranchising 

 Mississippi, and Texas not voting. Seymour ! Mormons, became a law in 1886; also the Inter- 

 and Blair received 80 electoral votes; Grant j State Commerce Bill, establishing a commission 

 and Colfax received 214, and were elected. On to secure uniformity of railroad rates, nationalize 



May 1, 1872, a convention assembled at Cincin- 

 nati, composed of persons previously in sym- 

 pathy with the Republican party, but now 



through-route traffic, and break up harmful 

 combinations. In 1888, North Dakota, South 

 Dakota, Montana, and Washington Territories 



itisfied with the administration of President were admitted as States. A bill passed in 1879 

 and opposed to his reelection. They prohibiting the immigration of Chinese as 

 1 themselves "Liberal Republicans." Bv laborers, amended in 1882 making the restriction 

 this convention Horace Greeley of New York to last for twenty years, was further amended 

 was nominated for president, and Benjamin in 1888 by taking away from the Chinese nou or 

 wii of Missouri for vice-president, heretofore in the country the privilege of return 

 The National Republican Convention assembled unless they had previously procured certificates, 

 at Philadelphia on June 5th, and nominated President Cleveland retired to private life alter 

 President Grant for reelection, and for vice- | giving a cautious and prudent administration. 

 It nt Henry \\ilsonofMassachusetts. The signalized by patient attention to details and 

 nal Democratic Convention assembled at 1 strong assertion of official prerogative. In 1889, 

 Baltimore on July 9th, and nominated the same j Benjamin Harrison, elected by the Republicans, 

 candidates and adopted the same platform as became president, the issue of the camjwugn 

 fcto Cincinnati Convention. The election, which bring Free-trade vs. Protection. In 1890 a 

 took place on November 5th, resulted in the ! protective tariff bill, known as the MeKinley 

 of lirant and Wil-on, who each received Art. became a law. It increased duties on 115 

 286 electoral votes, out of a < < )ne articles, embracing farm products and inanu- 



nio-t prominent events of Grant's admin tactures, and decreased t hos<- on MM), i.e.. nmnu- 

 the -rttirmi-Mt by the Treaty of factures established. It placed sugar on the 

 ington May .S, 1871), and a subsequent free list. The Coinage Art of IV.MI made it corn- 

 arbitration at -wit/erland I s7 I J . of pulsory on the government to buy 54,000,000 

 outstanding disputes with Great Britain, of ounces of silver yearly ; instead of coining the 

 \\hieh the principal (the "Alabama claims" x;,me. t o is^ur -ih n <-. 1 1 iticates t herefor. Acts 



question) related to the charge that the British i,, admit \\yommg and Idaho as States were 



rnment had failed in it* duties M fl neutral passed in 1890. On June !' report 



in allowing the construction and fitting out ot of the International American Conference was 



let-ate crui-ers (the "Alabama, "etc. m presented, forming the basis of the |*>licy of 



British ports. Hie verdict of the a rbit ratora ! reciprocity by which treaties were entered into 



led to the Tinted States an indemnity of with GIM: Spain. Brazil, and the 



00 in gold. The National Republican countries of Central and South America. By 



Convention of 1876 assembled at Cincinnati on the end of ix'.l'J th.-s,- treaties began \JO bring 



June 14th, and nominated Rutheffocd B. Haysi about an anticipated increase or trade. An 



