HISTORY 179 



ward applied to the whole country to 45 north, pany in an attempt to forestall the Astor Exjpe- 

 In 1606, James I. gave to the London Company, dition, but it reached the river too late. For 

 which made the first permanent settlement of some time after the history of the country was 

 the English in America at Jamestown the year merely the record of the Korthwest Fur Corn- 

 after, the country from 34 to 38 north, extend- j pany and the Hudson Bay Company. During 

 ing 100 miles from the sea. The colony was all the years of the fur trading a dispute had 

 saved from ruin by Captain John Smith two been going on between the United States and 

 years later. Colonization * increased rapidly, England, and at times war was threatened. An 

 and in 1621 a legislative body was formed. In agreement was arrived at after a time, and in 

 1041, there were 15,000 English in the colony. 1846 a treaty was signed fixing the boundary 

 In 1076, occurred Bacon's Rebellion, brought on at the forty-ninth parallel. Tne Territory of 

 by the tyranny of Sir William Berkeley, the Oregon was formed in 1848, and in 1853 the 

 Governor. The French War of 1754, of which Territory of Washington was established from 

 Braddock's defeat was the most notable incident, a part of the original count ry . Washington was 

 fir-t brought George Washington into notice, admitted to Statehood November 11, 1899. 

 Virginia, under the leadership of Patrick Henry, i Waterloo, Battle of, an important 

 was the first to protest against British oppression battle won by the allied forces over Napoleon, 

 in 1764, and sent representatives to the Conti- near Waterloo, a Belgian village eleven miles 

 nental Congress in 1775. The most important south of Brussels, June 18, 1815. The prelimi- 

 military event during the Revolutionary War, nary battles had been at Ligny, June 16th (when 

 in Virginia, was the surrender of Cornwallis at Napoleon had defeated tne Prussians under 

 Yorktown. October 19, 1781. Virginia passed Blucher), and at Quartre-Bras, on the same day 

 an ordinance of secession, April 17, 1861, and in (when the allies under Wellington compelled the 

 the war that followed became the bloodiest French Marshal Ney to retire). At Waterloo 

 cock-pit of the whole contest. The most imppr- the French numbered about 72,000. The allies 

 tant battles were Bull Run July 21, 1861; Win- (British, Dutch, and Germans), under Welling- 

 ;er, May 25, 1862; the battles of the Penin- ton, had about 67,000; the Prussians (about 

 sular campaign in the summer of 1862; second 50,000 more), under Blucher, came up in time 

 battle of Bull Run, August 29, 1862; Fredericks- to take part in the close of the battle, and in the 

 burg, December 13, 1862; Chancellorsville, pursuit. The battle began about 11.30 A. M. 

 May 2-4, 1863; the battles of the Wilderness Briefly it may be said to have consisted of a 

 campaign in 1864, ending in the investment of series of brilliant but unsuccessful charges made 

 Petersburg and Richmond, and the final sur- by the French, and dogged resistance on the 

 render of General Lee at Appomattox Court part of the British; in the evening the French 

 e, April 9, 1865. The State was readmitted Old Guard charged, but unavaihngly ; after 

 January 27, 1870. which the allies advanced. The French lost 

 Washington. The first record in history about 35,000, and many prisoners ; the allies 

 of the region which is now the State of Washing- about 22,000. Marshal Grouchy, though he 

 ton was the discovery, in 1592, of the Strait of defeated Blucher at Wavre, June 18th, failed 

 Juan de Fuca by a Greek pilot. In 1775 Cap- to prevent him from joining Wellington, and 

 tain Heceta, a Spanish navigator, discovered himself failed to come to Napoleon's aid, though 

 the mouth of the Columbia, but was unable to but a few miles distant. The rout of the French 

 enter the river. In 1789 Captain Kendrick, an was complete, and the disaster final to Napoleon, 

 American, sailed through the Strait of Fuca, the result being his deposition and exile to St. 



through the Gulf of Georgia and Queen Charlotte Helena. 

 Sound, and was the first to make known the 



West Virginia. Immediately after the 



character of these inland waters. On the llth ordinance of secession, passed by 'Virginia in 

 of May, 1792, Captain Gray, of the American j April, 1861, a mass-meeting of 'citizens con- 

 ship "Columbia" entered the river, to which vened at Clarksburg, and denounced the action 

 he gave the name of his ship. This gave to the of the convention, recommending the eiti/ens of 

 United States, the priority of claim to the Northwest Virginia to meet in convention at 



<>n region, which then comprised the present 

 States of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. In 

 October of the same year an Englishman sailed 

 up and examined the Columbia about 100 miles 

 from the mouth. The coast soon became well- 

 known, and the United States Government 

 fitted out expeditions to more thoroughly ex- 

 plore the interior. The most important of t In -< 

 was that under Lewis and Clark, who, ascend mi: 

 tin- Missouri, made the Clearwater River, thence 

 entering the Columbia and reaching the Pacific 

 Ocean in December, 1805. 



In 1810, two expeditions were sent out by 

 companies formed I j .1. .1. Astor for the purpose 

 iifinp in fur trade along the river, and the 

 following year a trading post was established 

 at Astoria, near the mouth of the Columbia. 

 In the meantime another fur trading expedition 

 had been sent out by the Nort ir Com- 



Wheeling on May lifth. Other meetings sus- 

 tained the movement, and delegates from 

 twenty-five western counties met in convention. 

 denounced the action of Virginia, and provided 

 for a convention of all the counties of the State 

 adhering to the I'nion. The latter convention 

 repudiated the action of Virginia, and elected 

 I- r.tnei- II. 1'ierpont as governor of the reorgan- 

 State of Virginia. The ultimate result was 

 tin- formation of the new State under the title 

 of VVest Virginia, and in 1S63 the State was 

 admitted to the Union. Military operations in 

 what is now known as West Virginia were 

 mostly confined to 1861, ami t lie most im- 

 prtaii' eiiL'.-iL'ementu were at Fhilippi. Beverly. 



Rich Mountain. Cheat Mountain, and Carnifex 



Whisky Insurrection, a popular out- 

 break in Western Pennsylvania, in the summer 



